Ch. 1 Intro to Literacy

Question 1

Five essential components of reading

Answer 1

1. Phonological and phonemic awareness
2. phonics
3. fluency
4. vocabulary
5. comprehension

Question 2

What was ESEA of 1965 (Title 1)?

Answer 2

Elementary and Secondary Education Act - Provided funding for educating disadvantaged children

Question 3

What was the Reading Excellence Act- 1998?

Answer 3

Bill Clinton- promoted scientific research and provided grants to improve reading skills of teachers using scientifically based reading research (SBRR)

Question 4

What was NCLB and how did it affect reading scores?

Answer 4

Bush- 2014- Goal of all students reading on grade level by the third grade was not met

Question 5

ESEA 2014 (Obama) Reauthorization

Answer 5

Focus on evidence-based interventions, schools are held accountable for ELs and students with disabilities

Question 6

Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

Answer 6

Provided FAPE (free appropriate public education) in the LRE (least restrictive environment)

Question 7

Was is the IDEA?

Answer 7

Individuals with Disability Education Act- 1997/2004. Requires FAPE and LRE. Outlines methods to identify students with disabilities and requires scientifically based reading instruction (SBRI) and interventions

Question 8

Why was Endrew F v. Douglas County School significant?

Answer 8

Ruled that minimal progress was not sufficient for FAPE

Question 9

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1990

Answer 9

Prohibits discrimination based on disability. Requires FAPE for qualifying students. Short-term to permanent accomodations for physical/mental disability

Question 10

NAEP

Answer 10

National Assessment of Educational Progress (The Nations Report Card) shows losses in nation’s reading scores

Question 11

What does evidence say about grade retention?

Answer 11

Increased dropout rates and social-emotional challenges

Question 12

What is the whole language approach? What methods are effective and which are not?

Answer 12

Believe reading is naturally acquired, provide quantities of books to engage students-
Ineffective- look at the first letting and guess, picture walks, identify words by their shape
Effective- developing vocabulary, background knowledge, comprehension skills, and motivation

Question 13

What is balanced literacy?

Answer 13

Balance between whole language and phonics- phonics is often not addressed enough

Question 13

What was reversing letters signal?

Answer 13

Some students with dyslexia reverse letters BUT so do typically developing students until about 7 y/o

Question 14

What does evidence say about multimodal learning?

Answer 14

Learning and practicing in multiple modalities improves learning

Question 14

What is dyslexia?

Answer 14

Reading disorder-SLD- Difficulty with language processing such as phonological awareness

Question 15

Features of effective instruction

Answer 15

Modeling
Scaffolding
Providing feedback
Full guidance

Question 16

Four aspects of instruction for planning:

Answer 16

Structured literacy
Selection of materials
Differentiated Instruction
MTSS

Question 17

Ladder of Reading percentages:

Answer 17

40% Learn to read easily
60% Need evidence-based instruction (10-15% dyslexia)

Question 18

Structured literacy integrates

Answer 18

1. listening
2. speaking
3. reading
4. writing

Question 19

UDL three guidelines

Answer 19

Universal Design for Learning
Why- engagement
What- representation
How- expression

Question 20

RTI tiers

Answer 20

Tier 1- 80%- whole class
Tier 2- 15%- small group
Tier 3- 5% intensive and individualized

Question 21

What is MTSS?

Answer 21

Multi tiered System of Supports- school-wide initiatives, SEL

Question 22

What are the key supports of MTSS?

Answer 22

Universal Screening (BOY, MOY, EOY)
Progress monitoring every few weeks (more often for intervention)
Tiers of intervention
Data-based decision making