Ch. 1 - Intro Flashcards
ABCDs of Melanoma
A: Asymmetry B: Border irregularities C: Color variation D: Diameter >0.6cm E: Evolution
What is the Allen’s Test?
Patency of ulnar/radial communicating arteries
Ballance’s sign?
- Constant dullness to percussion in the L flank/ LUQ
- Resonance to percussion in R flank
= splenic rupture/hematoma
Barrett’s esophagus
Squamous to Columnar metaplasia of distal esophagus
Battle’s sign
Ecchymosis over mastoid process = basilar skull fracture
Beck’s triad
- JVD
- Hypotension
- Distant heart sounds
Bergman’s triad?
- Mental status change
- Petechiae (axilla/thorax)
- Dyspnea
= fat emboli
Blumer’s shelf?
Metastatic dz to rectouterine (pouch of Douglas) or rectovesical pouch creating a shelf that is palpable on rectal exam
Boas’ sign?
Right subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis
Borchardt’s triad?
- Emesis followed by retching
- Epigastric distention
- Failure to pass an NGT
= gastric volvulus
Carcinoid Triad?
- Flushing
- Diarrhea
- Right sided heart failure
(FDR)
= carcinoid syndrome
Charcot’s triad?
- Fever
- Jaundice
- RUQ pain
= cholangitis
Chvostek’s sign?
Twitching of facial muscles upon tapping the facial nerve in puts with HYPOcalcemia
CHovostek’s = CHeek
Courvoisier’s law
Enlarged nontender gall bladder seen with obstruction of the common bile duct
Usually pancreatic cancer NOT gallstones
Cullen’s sign?
Bluish discoloration of the periumbilical area due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracking around anterior abdominal wall through facial planes
Ala acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Cushing’s triad?
- Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Irregular respirations
= increased intracranial pressure
Dance’s sign
Empty right lower quadrant in children with ileocecal INTUSSUSCEPTION
Fothergill’s sign?
Used to differentiate an intra-abdominal mass from one in the abdominal wall
If mass if felt while there is tension on the musculature then it is in the wall = sitting halfway upright
Fox’s sign?
Ecchymosis of inguinal ligament seen with retroperitoneal bleeding
Goodsall’s rule?
Anal fistulae course in a straight path anteriorly and a curved path posteriorly from midline.
(Think of a dog with a straight anterior nose and a curved posterior tail)
Grey Turner’s sign?
Ecchymosis or discoloration of the flanks in patients with retroperitoneal hemorrhage as a result of dissecting blood from the retro peritoneum (hemorrhagic pancreatitis)
(TURNer’s = TURN side to side)
Hamman’s sign/crunch?
Crunching sound on auscultation of the heart resulting from emphysematous mediastinum
=pneumomediastinum & Boerhaave’s syndrome
Howship-Romberg sign?
Pain along the inner aspect of the thigh
=obturator hernia as the result of nerve compression
Kehr’s sign?
Severe left shoulder pain in patients with splenic rupture
As a result of referred pain from diaphragmatic irritation
Kelly’s sign?
Visible peristalsis of the ureter in response to squeezing or retraction; used to identify the ureter during surgery
Krukenberg tumor?
Metastatic tumor to the ovary
Classically from gastric cancer
Laplace’s law?
Wall tension = pressure x radius
= colon perfs preferentially at the cecum bc of the increased radius and resultant increased wall tension
McBurney’s point?
1/3 the distance from the anterior iliac spine to the umbilicus on a line connecting the two
Rule of 2s for Meckel’s diverticulum
2% of population
2% symptomatic
Occur with 2 feet of ileocecal valve
Male:Female 2:1
Obturator sign
internal/external rotation of leg = pain
= appy
Psoas sign
Pt on L side, extend hip with knee in full extension
= appy
Raccoon eyes?
B/l black eyes as a result of basilar skull fracture
Reynold’s Pentax
- Fever
- Jaundice
- RUQ pain
- Mental status changes
- Shock/sepsis
(Charcot’s triad +) = supperative cholangitis
Rovsing’s sign?
Palpation of LLQ resulting in pain in RLQ
= appy
Saint’s triad
- Cholelithiasis
- Hiatal hernia
- Diverticular dz
Silk glove sign?
Indirect hernia sac in a pediatric pt
Feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger
Sister Mary Joseph’s sign
Metastatic tumor to umbilical lymph node
Aka Sister Mary Joseph Node
Virchow’s triad?
- Stasis
- Enothelial injury
- Hypercoagulability
Trousseau’s sign?
Carpal spasm after occlusion of blood to the forearm with BP cuff in pts with HYPOcalcemia
Valentino’s sign?
RLQ pain from a perforated peptic ulcer d/t succus/pus draining into RLQ
Westermark’s sign?
Decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR in a pt with pulmonary embolus
Whipple’s triad?
Evidence for insulinoma
- Hypoglycemia <50
- CNS and vasomotor sxs ( syncope, diaphoresis)
- Relief of sxs with administration of glucose
