CH 1| Intro Flashcards by Quen Barron

systematized body of knowledge
human activity; scientist

science

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organized and dynamic inquiry

Scientific method

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observation and experimentation

Science

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it leads to formation of concepts, methods,
principles, theories law which seek to describe and explain nature and its phenomena

Science

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material products; results of scientific
inquiry; tools produced by a scientist

Technology

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as the application of knowledge in solving
scientific and practical problem

Technology

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as a social enterprise in different fields
(education, healthcare, industry, agriculture
etc.)

Technology

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composed of a group of people living together in a more or less ordered community.

Society

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first known system of writing
utilized word pictures and triangular
symbols

The Cuneiform

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Considered the first true city

The Uruk City

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The Uruk City, constructed using mud or clay producing

sun-baked bricks

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-mountain of god

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

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to bring water to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding of the rivers

Irrigation and Dikes

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This method was considered
as one of the world’s most
beneficial engineering works.

Irrigation and Dikes

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essential in
transportation and trading as
well as in fostering culture,
information, and technology

Sailboats

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Sailboats are made up of (2)

reeds
covered with animal skin

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Not made for
transportation but for farm work
and food

Wheel

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invented to dig the land
for farm cultivation, to address the food
crisis.

Plow

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First civilization to invent a calendar which have __months and __ days

Ancient Sumerians

12 months
30 days each month

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based on different phases of the moon, to know when the floods are coming

zodiac

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(2)
occupied a conspicuous place
in Babylonian society.

astronomy and astrology

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The___was a Babylonian
invention of great antiquity; and
___ of the sun and moon
could be foretold.

zodiac
eclipses

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Babylonian Mathematics determination of the ____ correctly to ___

square root of two
seven place

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The ancient Babylonians used a
calendar with alternating __ and __
day months.

29
30

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InBabylonia, an abundance of clay and lack of stone, led to the use of

mudbrick

Babylonian temples were massive structures of

crude brick

Babylonian walls were brilliantly colored and sometimes plated with (3)

zinc or gold or tiles.

The great Ziggurat built by___ Hammurabi in honour of ‘__’ and big granary to preserve grains for future calamities testify the architectural skills of the Babylonians.

Hammurabi Marduk

structure made up of layers upon layers of gardens that contained several species of plants, trees, and vines

The Hanging Gardens

the earliest paper-like material

Papyrus Sheets

Egyptians mixed (3) make black ink

vegetable gum, soot and bee wax to

A character used in a system of pictorial writing, particularly that form used on ancient Egyptian monuments

Hieroglyphics

language that tells the modern world of the history and culture of the ancient Egyptians

Hieroglyphics

revolutionized agriculture and modified versions of this Egyptian invention are still used by farmers in developing countries around the world

The Ox-drawn Plough

curved blade used for cutting and harvesting grain, such as wheat and barley

Sickle

harness Nile river’s yearly flood and bring water to distant fields

Irrigation

long balancing pole with a weight on one end and a bucket on the other.

Shadoof

Calendar * The Egyptians devised the solar calendar by recording the yearly reappearance of ___ in the eastern sky

Sirius (the Dog Star)

added one day to the 365 days every four years.

Ptolemy III

Egyptian Calendar -days per month -months -days per year -how many festivals

365 days and 12 months with 30 days in each month and an additional five festival days at the end of the year

used as sun clocks by noting how its shadow moved around its surface throughout the day

obelisks

device utilizes gravity which affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other.

Clepsydra

protect the shaved heads of the wealthy people from the harmful rays of the sun

Wig

for health and aesthetics purposes.

Cosmetics

They use ___ combination of soot or malachite and mineral galena

Kohl- a

shows the Egyptians invented medical surgery.

Edwin Smith Papyrus

Edwin Smith Papyrus describes __ surgical cases of injures of the head, neck, shoulders, breast and chest.

Egypt, also the earliest document to make a study of the

brain

has a collection of surgical instruments which include scalpels, scissors, copper needles, forceps, spoons, lancets, hooks, probes and pincers.

Cairo Museum

preserving the bodies of the dead that after thousands of years

Mummification

-studied geometry ( circles, lines, angles, and triangles)

Thales

find the sides of a right triangle.

Pythagorean Theorem

wrote several books on the subject of geometry called Elements.

Euclid

Aristotle studied animals in great detail and wrote down his observations in a book called

History of Animals.

The most famous Greek doctor was

Hippocrates

Hippocrates taught that diseases had __ and they could sometimes be cured by __

natural causes natural means

to uphold medical ethics is still taken by many medical students today

Hippocratic Oath

water that dropped into drums which sounded alarmed -Utilized by

Water Clock Plato

grinding grain that is powered by water.

Water Mill

power the mill and the toothed gears used to transfer the power to the mill

waterwheel

study and practice of making maps

Cartography

Made of bones or wooden sticks covered by leaves or wood panels as far back as the 4th century BC

Umbrellas

help lift heavy items such as blocks for constructing buildings.

crane

building element the ancient Greeks invented around 100 B.C

cement

efficient way to move water up a hil

Archimedes' Screw

First known newspaper, that contained the announcement of the empire

Gazettes

stack of bound pages that is recognized as the earliest incarnation of the book

Codex

The Romans first began building with __over 2,100 years ago

concrete

is a combination of slaked lime, pozzolana (volcanic ash) for sticky paste, and tuff (volcanic rocks)

Roman concrete

Route water over long distances using gravity alone

Aqueducts

Romans pioneered the use of

cesarean section

Romans pioneering a form of ___ that was not fully embraced until the 19th century

antiseptic surgery

he oldest fibers, harvested from the silk worm and process to produced paper and clotn

silk

produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed dried tea leaves

Tea Production

Constructed to keep out foreign invaders and control the borders

Great Wall of China

Invented by Chinese Taoist alchemists about 1000 A.D. who aimed to create an elixir to achieve immortality

Gun Powder

navigational instrument that shows directions

Chinese Compass

The oldest Chinese medicine book “Neijing”, also known as “The Classic of Internal Medicine of the Yellow Emperor”

Acupuncture

great invention of ancient China, emerged in Shang Dynasty

Porcelain

traced back as early as 3500 years ago in China.

umbrella

Chinese carpenter and inventor created the first umbrella

Lu Ban

device that plants the seed into soil at a uniform depth and covers it.

The Seed Drill

Printing press is invented by

Johann Gutenberg

With this device, people were able to observe microorganisms.

Microscope

optical instrument that helps in the observation of remote objects

telescope

navigators, astronomers who studied the movement of celestial bodies.

Astrolabe

used to measure the position of the Sun and different stars in the sky accurately

Astrolabe

a device that helps in recognizing the cardinal points of the Earth, namely North, South, East, and West.

Compass

process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria

Pasteurization

invented kerosene by refining petroleum

Samuel M. Kier

Kerosene was later referred

“illuminating oil”

Develop by Alexander Graham Bell

Telephone

Computing devise that computes complicated equation faster and easie

Calculator

an amphibious tricycle that can cross not only flood streets but also rivers and lakes

Salamander Amphibious Tricycle

Medical Incubator Invented by____, a Filipino pediatrician

Dr. Fe del Mundo

devised from indigenous and cheap material which is not run by electricity, main purpose was to maintain conditions suitable for a newborn

Medical incubator

Trap system made of natural ingredients that are lethal to mosquito but safe from human and the environment

Mosquito Ovicidal Larvicidal /Trap System

modern type of transportation that utilizes electricity instead of diesel

E-Jeepney