CH 1: Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Scientific study of the body’s structures- comes from Greek root “to cut apart”

Question 2

Gross anatomy

Answer 2

Study of larger structures of the body, those visible w/o aid of magnification

Question 3

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

Study of the structures that can be observed only w/use of a microscope

Question 4

Regional anatomy

Answer 4

Study of interrelationships of all structures in a specific body region

Question 5

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 5

Study of the structures that make up a discrete body system

Question 6

Physiology

Answer 6

Scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and ways they work together to support functions of life.

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

Question 8

Cell

Answer 8

Smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism

Question 9

Organelles

Answer 9

Flexible membranes enclose cytoplasm- Water-based cellular fluid together w/ a variety of tiny functioning units

Question 10

Tissue

Answer 10

Group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 11

Organ

Answer 11

Anatomically distinct structures of the body composed of two or more tissue types

Question 12

Organ System

Answer 12

Group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body

Question 13

Organism

Answer 13

Living being that has a cellular structure and can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life.

Question 14

Anabolism

Answer 14

Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

Question 15

Catabolism

Answer 15

Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

Question 16

Metabolism

Answer 16

Sum of all of the body’s chemical reactions

Question 17

Responsiveness

Answer 17

Ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions

Question 18

Development

Answer 18

Changes an organism goes through during its life

Question 19

Differentiation

Answer 19

Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

Question 20

Growth

Answer 20

Increase in body size

Question 21

Reproduction

Answer 21

Formation of a new organism from parent organisms

Question 22

Control Center

Answer 22

Compares values to their normal range, deviation cause the activation of an effector

Question 23

Effector

Answer 23

Organ that can cause a change in a value

Question 24

Negative Feedback

Answer 24

Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

Question 25

Positive Feedback

Answer 25

Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

Question 26

Pleura

Answer 26

Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

Question 27

Pericardium

Answer 27

Sac that encloses the heart

Question 28

Peritoneum

Answer 28

Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there

Question 29

Nutrient

Answer 29

Chemical obtained from food and beverages that is critical to human survival

Question 30

Sensor

Answer 30

(Also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

Question 31

Serosa

Answer 31

Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane

Question 32

Set Point

Answer 32

Ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, within its parameters of homeostasis