Ch. 1 Health Promotion, Protection, And Prevention

Question 1

Epidemiology

Answer 1

The study of health and disease in society

Question 2

Paradigms of health

Answer 2

Wellness-illness continuum

Developmental perspective

Question 3

Wellness-illness continuum

Answer 3

A dichotomized portrayal of health and illness ranging from high-level wellness at the positive end to depletion of health at the negative end

Question 4

Ecological model of health

Answer 4

A comprehensive developmental approach; useful for promoting health at individual, family, community, and societal levels

Question 5

Social determinants of health

Answer 5

Factors in society that have an influence on health and the options available to people to improve or maintain their health

Question 6

Health

Answer 6

A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context

Question 7

Illness

Answer 7

An imbalance that human choices (intertwined social, political, spiritual, professional, and personal choices

Question 8

Clinical Model

Answer 8

Health defined by the ABSENCE of s&s of disease
illness defined by the PRESENCE of s&s of disease

Ex. People who don’t seek preventative health services until very ill

Question 9

Role Performance Model

Answer 9

Defines health in terms of individuals’ ability to perform social roles (i.e. work, family, social roles)

Question 10

Adaptive Model

Answer 10

Health measured by people’s ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change

Question 11

Eudaimonistic Model

Answer 11

Emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment that contribute to goal attainment and create meaning

Question 12

Wellness

Answer 12

A positive state in which incremental increases in health can be made beyond the midpoint

Question 13

Functional health

Answer 13

Characterized as being present or absent, having high-level or low-level wellness, and being influenced by neighborhood and society

Question 14

Disease

Answer 14

The failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli and stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances

Question 15

Illness

Answer 15

The subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease

Question 16

Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventative health care?

A. Clinical model
B. Role performance model
C. Adaptive model
D. Eudaimonistic model

Answer 16

A. Clinical model

Question 17

A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider, as well as receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?

A. Clinical model
B. Role performance model
C. Adaptive model
D. Eudaimonistic model

Answer 17

D. Eudaimonistic model

Question 18

Halbert Dunn (1961) introduced the concept of high level wellness, a health-illness continuum which factored in the individual’s environment when determining a level of health. Which of the following statements is correct concerning his model?

A. Care recipients who are terminal or dying couldn’t be classified as having high-level wellness
B. The focus is on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and societal level
C. It provides a view of health which is in opposition to the Eudaimonistic model of health
D. It is most closely aligned with a clinical model of health

Answer 18

B. The focus is on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and societal level

Question 19

A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context is known as

A. Growth and development
B. Health
C. Functioning
D. High-level wellness

Answer 19

B. Health

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a care recipient who has an illness?

A. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
B. Someone with hypercholesterolemia
C. Someone with a headache
D. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina

Answer 20

C. Someone with a headache

Question 21

Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?

A. The 1990 health objectives for the nation: a mid course review
B. Healthy people 2020
C. Healthy people 2000
D. The US surgeon general report

Answer 21

C. Healthy people 2000

Question 22

Which of the following is one of the four overreaching goals for Healthy People 2020 (US Department of Health and Human Services)?

A. Decreased tobacco use in youth throughout the nation
B. Achieve health equality and eliminate disparity for all groups
C. Increased public funding for health insurance
D. Decreased hospital re-admission rates

Answer 22

B. Achieve health equality and eliminate disparity for all groups

Question 23

Which of the following statements accurately reflect primordial prevention?

A. It concerns interventions directed at the fetus while in uterus to assure lifelong health
B. It is a more modern term used interchangeably with primary prevention
C. It is a health-promotion strategy which reflects policy-level interventions
D. It refers administering vaccines to prevent individuals from developing the disease

Answer 23

C. It is a health-promotion strategy which reflects policy-level interventions

Question 24

Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?

A. Information session about healthy lifestyles
B. Blood pressure screening
C. Interventional cardiac catheterization
D. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization

Answer 24

A. Information session about healthy lifestyles

Question 25

Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention? A. Self-breast examination education B. Yearly mammograms C. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer D. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer

Answer 25

B. Yearly mammograms

Question 26

Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention? A. Drunk driving campaign B. Road blocks for drunk driving C. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident D. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head trauma

Answer 26

D. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head trauma

Question 27

In reviewing a person’s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent asthma has had several emergency department visits and isn’t on inhaled steroids as recommended by the NHLBI asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person’s primary care provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n) A. Advocate B. Care manager C. Consultant D. Educator

Answer 27

B. Care manager

Question 28

During a home visit a nurse assist an individual to complete an application for disability services. The nurse is acting as a(n) A. Advocate B. Care manager C. Consultant D. Educator

Answer 28

A. Advocate

Question 29

During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenarios the nurse is acting as a(n) A. Advocate B. Care manager C. Consultant D. Educator

Answer 29

D. Educator

Question 30

A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n) A. Advocate B. Care manager C. Consultant D. Educator

Answer 30

C. Consultant

Question 31

A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which of the following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program? A. Assess the motivation level of the individuals B. Assess the knowledge level of the individuals C. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals D. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals

Answer 31

C. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals

Question 32

The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals is known as A. Health-related quality of life B. Evidence-based practice C. A healthy people 2020 goal D. The ecological model of health

Answer 32

B. Evidence-based practice

Question 33

Which research methodology should be used to address the question, “what is the difference in the infection rates between individuals who receive BID dressing changes vs. daily dressing changes?” A. Evidence-based practice research B. Qualitative research C. Quantitative research D. Clinical judgment research

Answer 33

C. Quantitative research

Question 34

The question, “what is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?” Can best be answered by using which research methodology? A. Evidence-based practice research B. Qualitative research C. Quantitative research D. Clinical judgment research

Answer 34

B. Qualitative research

Question 35

A nurse who uses findings from a randomized, controlled trial on the care of Foley catheters to change practice at an institution is practicing A. Evidence-based medicine B. Qualitative research C. Quantitative research D. Clinical judgment

Answer 35

A. Evidence-based medicine

Question 36

Which of the following is most influenced by the social and economic environment of a community? A. Social health policies B. Quality of care C. Evidence-based practice D. Practice guidelines

Answer 36

A. Social health policies

Question 37

A major cause of death in the early twentieth century was A. Cancer B. Cerebrovascular disease C. Heart disease D. Infections

Answer 37

D. Infections

Question 38

Which of the following groups of people are likely to show an increase in numbers between the years 2010 to 2030? A. Persons age 65+ B. Persons of white European descent C. Infants due to rising birth rates D. Population growth and character are unpredictable

Answer 38

A. Persons age 65+

Question 39

Which of the following demonstrates a nurse taking action to promote health and prevent disease? A. Making a home visit to a person who is recovering from a heart attack B. Administering medications to a cardiac care recipient in the hospital C. Providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation during a heart attack D. Educating a person about the advantages of a heart-healthy diet during a home visit

Answer 39

D. Educating a person about the advantages of a heart-healthy diet during a home visit

Question 40

Which factor may have the most influence in changing the health behavior of a single, adult woman who smokes and is the care provider for her mother, her own children, and granddaughter? A. Education regarding effects of smoking on her health B. The satisfaction that she will not contribute to secondhand smoke C. The availability of a weekly support group D. A gift card for $10 to a local grocery store for every week she is smoke free

Answer 40

D. A gift card for $10 to a local grocery store for every week she is smoke free

Question 41

Which of the following “investment” themes has been identified by the National Institute of Nursing Research? Select all that apply. A. Inter professional collaboration B. Improving quality of life C. End-of-life care D. Increasing physical activity among Americans

Answer 41

B. Improving quality of life | C. End-of-life care

Question 42

Which interventions address both the National Institute of Nursing Research themes and the overall goals of the Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators? Select all that apply. A. Establishing a new park with a well-lit track B. Establishing a smoking cessation campaign C. Providing reduced-cost transportation passes to senior citizens D. Providing free condoms at all federally funded health clinics

Answer 42

A. Establishing a new park with a well-lit track B. Establishing a smoking cessation campaign D. Providing free condoms at all federally funded health clinics