Ch. 1 - Exam of the Mouth and Other Relevant Structures Flashcards
What do cold, clammy hands, or bitten fingernails indicate?
patient anxiety
What do callused or unusually clean hands indicate?
sucking habit
What may clubbing the of the fingers or bluish color of the nail beds suggest?
congenital heart disease
Why are head lice, ringworm, or impetigo concerning?
they’re all contagious
Why should variations of the size, shape, symmetry, or function of the head and neck structures be recorded?
Abnormalities of these structures may be related to syndromes or conditions associated with oral abnormalities
What are immunodeficient children are at risk for?
early loss of bone support
What do enlarged tonsils with purulent exudate signal?
A strep infection; which can lead to rheumatic fever. (Direct physician referral is indicated)
What can tetracycline use during pregnancy cause?
discolored, pigmented and hypoplastic primary teeth
When should a child have an established dental home?
within 6 months of eruption of the first tooth & no later than 12 months of age to conduct a CRA and provide parental education including Anticipatory Guidance for prevention of oral diseases.
Why is it important to know if a patient is taking drugs?
It is important to know if the patient is taking drugs at the time of the dental visit because there could be interactions with drugs such as nitrous oxide
Symptoms of substance abuse
depression, feelings of inadequacy, frustration, helplessness, immaturity, self-alienation, poor object relations & major deficiencies in ego structure and functioning.
Why may pain from untreated dental conditions be masked in addiction?
because a patient is taking drugs that affect normal thought processes
what is a common sign of depression and moodiness?
abrupt changes in behavior
What percentage of adolescents (12-17 years of age) have smoked one or more cigarettes in the preceding month.
12%
Of those adolescents (12-17 years of age) who have never smoked what percentage are considered susceptible to start smoking?
more than 22 %
Concerning characteristics of children of wealthy parents
Increased risk of narcissism Poor impulse control Poor tolerance of frustration Depression Poor coping ability **many children in this group use drugs to cope**
What is the 6th leading cause of death in 5-14 year olds?
suicide
What is the 3rd leading cause of death in 15-24 year olds?
suicide
According to the AAPD, how many teenagers commit suicide each year?
thousands
How should metal or heat stable instruments should be sterilized?
In a steam autoclave, a dry heat oven or an unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizer
How long might heat-sensitive items require exposure to a sterilization liquid?
10 hours
How should all all reusable instruments be cleaned initially?
in an ultrasonic cleaner or washer/disinfector
how often should biologic monitoring be completed in a dental office?
weekly
How is antisepsis achieved after completing routine dental exams and non-surgical procedures?
handwashing by using plain or antimicrobial soap and water.
If the hands are not visibly soiled what is an adequate/acceptable way to clean your hands?
an alcohol based hand rub
What is the current CFU requirement for the proper treatment of a dental line?
Dental line should contain < 200 colony-forming units/mL (CFU/mL)
What is ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE?
term used to describe the discussion and implementation of a plan with the patient and/or parents
A previously hospitalized child may …
fear strangers in clinic attire
Hospitalization and General Anesthesia
May be a traumatic psychological experience for a preschool child & may sensitize the child to procedures encountered later in a dental office.
How can you help a fearful child who has previously had tx under GA?
By scheduling necessary time; procedures can be planned in order to overcome the fear and accept dental treatment
what additional data might you want to collect at the initial visit?
Blood pressure Body temperature Heart sounds Height Weight Pulse Respiration Lab tests if indicated
Define anticipatory guidance
the term often used to describe the discussion and implementation of such a plan with the patient and or parents (the plan should be a prevention plan and include recommendations designed to correct existing oral problems (or halt their progression) and to prevent anticipated future problems. initially the dentist makes a case presentation to the patient or parents, outlining the recommended course of treatment. this process should include the development and presentation of a prevention plan that outlines an ongoing comprehensive oral health care program for the patient and establishment of the “dental home”
what is impetigo?
a contagious bacterial skin infection forming pustules and yellow crusty sores; these lesions occur on various skin surfaces but the dentist is most likely to encounter them on the upper body areas. the infections are bacterial (usually of streptococcal origin) and generally require antibiotic therapy for control. the child often spreads the infection by scratching the lesions
what is a common example of a teenage experiment?
tobacco smoking
dental water lines should contain how many CFU’s?
<200 colony-forming units/mL (CFU/mL)
dental units attached to hospital main water should be disinfected with what and how often?
with 500 ppm (also known as mg/L) chlorinated water every 4 months
