Ch 1. Early American Civilizations Flashcards
This chapter will describe the stories of Native Americans and the impact of European colonization throughout North, Central, and South America.
Spear tips that were first found in _____ were offered as evidence for the Land Bridge theory because similar points have been discovered in the area around Beringia.
Clovis, New Mexico
The Oceania Theory is based on the notion that cultural and linguistic similarities exist between native South American peoples and those from:
Australia and Polynesia
How were the first settlers of the Americas believed to have been influenced by Beringia?
Beringia was a frozen land bridge caused by lower water levels during the last ice age, creating a new path of travel between Eurasia and the Americas.
Why is the finding of the Kennewick Man considered evidence for the Oceania Theory?
The features of the Kennewick Man remains are in line with the Ainu, a native people of Hokkaido, Japan.
What is the most accepted theory of how early people found their way to the Americas?
The Bering Land Bridge Theory
How did the Aztecs become a wealthy and glorious empire?
By conquering other tribes and collecting tributes
Today, Mayan people can be found all over Southern Mexico. So why did so many people think that the Mayans disappeared?
The Maya left their cities due to overpopulation, famine and disease
How did the Aztecs react to the arrival of the Spanish?
They welcomed the Spanish with gold and food.
Why are the Olmecs considered the first complex society in Mesoamerica?
They developed the region’s first written language and numbering system.
The most influential factor in the fall of the Aztecs was:
Vulnerability to European disease
The Inca were defeated by:
Francisco Pizarro
The last ruler of the Inca before the Spanish was:
Atahualpa
The area from which the Inca originated is what country today?
Peru
The people known for leaving amazing lines in the deserts of Peru are called:
The Nazca People
King Pachacutec of the Inca was:
A great leader who brought conquered peoples into the Inca Empire and crowned himself Inca and replaced his father as the King. There are many different stories about him.
How did the Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota people acquire the name Sioux?
Through their enemies
Which of the following best describes the Iroquois social structure?
At the time of marriage a man joins his wife’s family.
Which of the following is true of the lifestyle developed by the Hopi people?
They depended on agriculture.
Why were the groups that included the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole considered to be civilized?
Because they adopted customs of the colonists.
How were the Chinook and Tillamook able to achieve an affluent, highly complex society?
Food and building materials were readily available due to their positioning, so these groups had time to achieve an affluent, highly complex society.
How did the reintroduction of horses affect the lives of Native Americans?
Horses were used for war and hunting.
How did European metal affect the lives of Native Americans?
European metal tools were superior to their tools.
What was the most significant cause of death among Native Americans following contact with Europeans?
Disease
Why did European monarchs of the 15th century sponsor the voyages of many explorers?
They wanted to engage in lucrative trade in Asia.
Which were the most common motivators for European exploration in the time of Columbus?
I. Gold
II. Guns
III. God
IV. Glory
Gold, glory and God
Which of the following statements about Hernando Cortes is FALSE?
They were mixed with Spanish and African blood but were not of enslaved people.
Juan Ponce de Leon was the first European explorer to _____ in 1513.
arrive in what is now Florida
How did a hacienda differ from an encomienda?
A hacienda was a land grant from the Spanish crown while an encomienda was a system of labor for Spanish colonies
Amerigo Vespucci’s biggest legacy was _____.
having the new world named after him in 1507
Which of the following statements about Hernando Cortes is FALSE?
He was searching for El Dorado
The Old world ‘received’ _____ from the Columbian Exchange.
Tomatoes and habanero peppers
The beginning of the Columbian Exchange was marked after the year _____.
1492 CE
What led Columbus to find the ‘New World’?
He was in search of a faster and easier way to Asia
Which of the following illustrates how people were part of the Columbian Exchange process?
People were removed from their homes in the west of Africa.
How was 90% of the native populations destroyed?
By disease
