Ch 1 - Digestion and Absorption Flashcards
What is the most essential component of life?
Food
Why is food important for life?
The major components of our food are carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Vitamins and minerals are also required in small quantities. Food provides energy and organic materials for growth and repair of tissues.
What are the other two essential components in addition to food? Give reason
Roughage(Dietary Fibre) and Water
- Helps in easy digestion
- Prevents dehydration, regulates body temperature and helps in metabolic processes.
Define “Digestion”
The process of conversion of complex food substances to simple absorbable forms is called digestion
How is digestion carried out?
Digestive system through biochemical (enzymes) and mechanical methods(mouth and stomach)
What makes up the digestive system?
Alimentary Canal and Associated glands.
Explain about the Alimentary Canal
- Also called GI tract
- 7 compartments
- Anterior and Posterior
Explain about the human buccal cavity
- Set of teeth
- Tongue
Define “ Dentition”
Arrangement, type of teeth and number of a species set of teeth
What is a human being’s type of dentition?
Theocodont
Diphyodont
Heterodont
Define Theocodont
Each tooth is embedded in a socket of jaw bone.This type of attachment is called thecodont.
Define Diphyodont
Majority of mammals including human being forms two sets of teeth during their life, a set of temporary milk or deciduous teeth replaced by a set of permanent or adult teeth. This type of dentition is called diphyodont.
Define Heterodont
An adult human has 32 permanent teeth which are of four different types (Heterodont dentition), namely, incisors (I), canine (C), premolars (PM) and molars
(M).
Number of human teeth
32
Define “Dental Formula”
Arrangement of teeth in each half of the upper and lower jaw in the order I, C, PM, M is represented by a dental formula which in human is 2123/2123 .
Explain about the tongue
The tongue is a freely movable muscular organ
attached to the floor of the oral cavity by the frenulum
What holds the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?
Frenulum
Explain “Pappilae”
The upper surface of the tongue has small projections called papillae, some of which bear taste buds.
Elaborate on the oesophagus
The oesophagus is a thin, long tube which extends posteriorly passing through the neck, thorax and diaphragm and leads to a ‘J’ shaped bag like structure called stomach. (Peristalsis)
Define Pharynx
The oral cavity leads into a short pharynx which serves as a common passage for food and air.
Define “Epiglottis” and “Glottis”
A cartilaginous flap called epiglottis prevents the entry of food into the glottis – opening of the wind pipe – during swallowing.
Define and explain the structure and location of stomach
The stomach, located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity, has four major parts – a cardiac portion into which the oesophagus opens, a fundic region, body
(main central region) and a pyloric portion
which opens into the first part of small intestine.
Which spinchter controls movement of food from oesophagus to stomach?
Gastro oesophagul spinchter
Define and explain the structure and location of small intestine
Small intestine is distinguishable into three regions, a ‘C’
shaped duodenum, a long coiled middle portion jejunum and a highly coiled ileum.