Ch. 1 Clinical Hematology Lab Overview Flashcards
What is Hematology
The study of blood cells
What are the 3 families of blood cells?
Erythrocytes - RBCs
Leukocytes - WBCs
Thrombocytes - PLTs
Describe the function and morphology of a RBC
Morphology - non-nucleated, biconcave, filled with reddish protein (Hemoglobin)
Function - transport O2 and CO2, fats, glucose, and proteins
- moves the waste to liver and kidneys
What are the RBC parameters of a CBC?
RBC count Hgb Hct MCV - RBC cell size MCH - amount of hemoglobin / RBC MCHC - hemoglobin / volume of RBC RDW- red blood cell distribution width Retic
What are the WBC parameters of a CBC?
WBC count Neutrophil: % and Absolute Lymph : % and Absolute Mono: % and Absolute EO and BASO :% and Absolute
What are the platelet parameters of a CBC?
PLT count
MPV - mean platelet volume (like MCV)
How are RBC counts measured?
- Microscopy and Hemacytometer
- (NOW): using automated instrumentation
What clinical indications are detected with a RBC count?
Anemia - reduced RBC
Polycythemia - increase RBC
How is hemoglobin measured?
Photometry at 540 nm with the addition of drabkin’s reagent.
-OR automated profiling instrument
What is hematocrit and how is it measured?
Hematocrit: Ratio of the volume of RBC to the volume of whole blood
Measured Manually: Centrifugation to obtain PCV
How is RBC morphology observed?
Light Microscopy and Wright-stained blood smear
Automation used to confirm results
Name the 5 types of leukocytes.
Neutrophils (SEGS) & (BANDS)
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
How is WBC count measured, and what are the clinical indications derived from it?
- Manual : Light Microscopy and Hemacytometer
- Automated profiling instrument
Leukopenia - decreased WBC
Leukocytosis - increase WBC
How is platelet count measured, and what are the clinical indications derived from it?
-Phase Microscopy
Thrombocytosis - increase platelets
Thrombocytopenia - decrease platelets
What do we look for when observe RBCs through microscopy?
Size, shape, color, and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.
What is the function of WBCs?
Protect the body from pathogens, removes foreign substances and cellular waste, destroys dead/ abnormal/ worn- out cells
participate in inflammatory response
What is the function of platelets?
Temporarily plugs ruptured blood vessel wall
Initiates and regulates coagulation cascade
What is the bone marrow assay used for?
To analyze immature blood cell precursors
What are cytochemical stains used for?
To differentiate abnormal myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid cells
