Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Ch 1 - Characteristics of Organisms, Levels of Structural Organization, Body Systems, Regions of Body, Cavities, Core Principles > Flashcards

Ch 1 - Characteristics of Organisms, Levels of Structural Organization, Body Systems, Regions of Body, Cavities, Core Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the structure and form of the human body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of body’s functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit that can carry out functions of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chemicals

A

Substances with unique molecular composition that are used and made in chemical processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chemicals

A

Substances with unique molecular composition that are used and made in chemical processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Metabolism, Anabolism, Catabolism

A

Sum of the body’s functions, Functions that combine small chemicals to larger, Functions that break down larger chemicals to smaller.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Excretion

A

Release of waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Responsiveness/Irritability

A

Sense or reaction to environmental stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Movement and Reproduction

A

Motion, and also the ability to recreate or pass down other organisms from the parent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chemical Layer

A

First Level, from atoms to molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cellular Level

A

Second level, groups of molecules that have structures and functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tissue Level

A

Third level, Groups of similar cells and extracellular matrix (outside material) that have a common purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Organ level

A

Fourth level, groups of two or more tissues that create a recognizable shape and perform a specialized function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Organ system level

A

Fifth level, Body organs grouped together that carry out a broad body function (i.e. cardiovascular system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organism level

A

Sixth and last level, organ systems that work together to form a working body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Integumentary System

A

Consists of the skin, hair and nails, this system protects, creates vitamin D, retains water within the body, and regulates body temperature

17
Q

Skeletal System

A

Consists of bones and joints, this system supports the mass of the body, protects the organs, provides leverage for movement, creates blood cells, and stores calcium salts

18
Q

Muscular Systems

A

Consists of skeletal muscles, the system provides movement, controls body openings, and generates body heat.

19
Q

Nervous System

A

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; this system regulates body functions allows sensation, movement, automatic functions, and higher mental thoughts and impulses

20
Q

Endocrine System

A

Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thalamus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, and ovaries/testes. Regulates body functions and also function of muscles, glands, and other tissues through hormones

21
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Consists of heart and blood vessels; this system delivers oxygen from lungs to tissue, removes waste, and transports cells, nutrients, and other substances around the body.

22
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymphatic cells - Releases excess tissue liquid, provides immunity against microorganisms.

23
Q

Respiratory System

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs - Delivers oxygen to blood, removes carbon dioxide, maintains the pH of blood.

24
Q

Digestive System

A

Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, large and small intestine - Digests food, absorbs nutrients to blood, removes food waste, maintains fluid, electrolyte, and pH balance.

25
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra - Removes metabolic waste, maintains fluid, electrolyte, pH balance, stimulates blood cell production.

26
Q

Reproductive System

A

Male: Prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis, penis - Produces sperm, hormones, and has sexual functions

Female: Mammary glands, uterine tube, ovaries, uterus, vagina - Makes and moves oocytes (eggs), fetal development, childbirth, lactations, secretes hormones, and has sexual functions.

27
Q

Anatomic Position

A

Upright, feet are shoulder-width apart, upper limbs spread at sides, palms facing forward.

28
Q

Directional Terms

A 
Superior (Cranial) - Towards the head
Inferior (Caudal) - Towards the tail
Anterior (Ventral) - Towards the front
Posterior (Dorsal) - Towards the back
Proximal - Towards the point of origin
Distal - Away from the point of origin.
Medial - Towards or closer to the midline/inner side.
Lateral - Farther away from midline or on the outer side.
Superficial - Closer to the surface
Deep - Further below the surface
29
Q

Regions of the Body

A

Frontal View (Top Down): Cephalic, Thoracic, Sternal, Abdominal, Pelvic, Inguinal, Pubic, Upper Limb, Manual, Palmar, Lower Limb, Pedal

Head: Cranial, frontal, ocular, otic, nasal, buccal, oral, mental.

Dorsal View: Occipital, Cervical, Dorsal, Vertebral, Lumbar, Sacral, Forearm, Gluteal, Thigh, Popliteal, Sural, Plantar.

Sidearm: Acromial, axillary, brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, carpal, metacarpal, pollex, digital.

Sideleg: Coxal, femoral, patellar, crural, tarsal, metatarsal, hallux, digital

30
Q

Different Types of Viewing Planes

A

Sagittal: Separates the body into left and right. Midsagittal is straight down middle while parasagittal creates uneven parts.

Frontal/Coronal: Separates the body into Anterior and Posterior.

Transverse/Horizontal/Cross: Separates the body into Superior and Inferior Parts.

31
Q

Body Cavities

A

Posterior: Cranial Cavity (Brain) and Vertebral Cavity (Spinal Cord)
Anterior: Pleural Cavity (Lungs), Mediastinum (Heart, blood vessels, trachea, esophagus), Pericardial (Heart), Abdominal Cavity, Pelvic Cavity + Diaphragm [Thoracic Cavity -> Abdominopelvic Cavity]

32
Q

Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

From #1-9: Right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region

33
Q

Serous Membranes

A

Serous membranes are the thin sheets of tissues that form cavities, Serious fluids are like organ lube. Parietal membranes are on the outer region of the organ, while the visceral membranes are on the inside touching the organs. There’s pleural, pericardial and peritoneal serous membranes. Intra- means inside, and retro- means outside of.

34
Q

Homeostasis

A

The body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable, internal environment

35
Q

Feedback loops

A

Changes in regulated variable that feedback into another variable. The set point is the normal value. It goes from stimulus>receptor>control sensor>effectors.
Negative goes in the opposite direction of the stimulus, while positive amplifies the stimulus received.

36
Q

Form…..

A

Form leads to function.

37
Q

Gradients

A

Differences in something, high areas and low areas.

38
Q

Cell-Cell Communication

A

Electrical or chemical signals that allow for cells to send messages.

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions