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IGCSE Biology > Ch 1: Characteristics and Classifications of Living Organisms > Flashcards

Ch 1: Characteristics and Classifications of Living Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Are bacteria multicellular or unicellular?

A

Unicellular

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2
Q

Are plants and animals multicellular or unicellular?

A

Multicellular

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3
Q

What is the definition of movement?

A

An action caused by an organism or part of an organism, causing a change of place or position.

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4
Q

What is the definition of respiration?

A

Chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules to release energy for metabolism.

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5
Q

What is the definition of sensitivity?

A

The ability to detect internal and external stimuli, and make appropriate responses.

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6
Q

What is the definition of growth?

A

A permanent change in size and dry mass.

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7
Q

What is dry mass?

A

Total mass of an organism without its water.

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8
Q

What is reproduction?

A

A process that produces more of the same species.

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9
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal from organisms of waste products of metabolism, toxic materials, and excess substances.

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10
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The taking in of materials and using them for energy, development, and growth.

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11
Q

What naming system is used to give organisms unique, specific names?

A

Binomial nomenclature.

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12
Q

What is the definition of species?

A

A group of organisms that reproduce a fertile offspring.

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13
Q

In the past, what was classification based on?

A

Morphology and anatomy.

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14
Q

What does the modern classification system use?

A

Studies of DNA (genetic material) and proteins.

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15
Q

What are the bases of DNA?

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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16
Q

Where is the instructions for making proteins found?

A

DNA.

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17
Q

How many groups is the animal kingdom divided into? What are they?

A

2: Vertebrates and invertebrates.

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18
Q

How many types of vertebrates are there?

A

5: Mammals, fishes, birds, amphibians, reptiles.

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19
Q

How many types of invertebrates are there?

A

4: Insects, crustaceans, myriapods, arachnids.

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20
Q

Body covering of fish?

A

Moist scales.

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21
Q

Body covering of amphibians?

A

Moist skin.

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22
Q

Body covering of reptiles?

A

Dry scales.

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23
Q

Body covering of birds?

A

Feathers, legs with scales.

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24
Q

Body covering of mammals?

A

Hair and whiskers.

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25
Types of eggs for fish?
Jelly-covered.
26
Types of eggs for amphibians?
Jelly-covered.
27
Types of eggs for reptiles?
Rubbery shell.
28
Types of eggs for birds?
Hard shell.
29
Where do fish lay eggs?
In water.
30
Where do amphibians lay eggs?
In water.
31
Where do reptiles lay eggs?
On land.
32
Where do birds lay eggs?
On land.
33
What limbs do fish have?
Fins.
34
What limbs do amphibians have?
Legs.
35
What limbs do reptiles have?
Legs.
36
What limbs do birds have?
Wings and legs.
37
What limbs do mammals have?
Legs.
38
Body temperature of fish?
Cold-blooded.
39
Body temperature of amphibians?
Cold-blooded.
40
Body temperature of reptiles?
Cold-blooded.
41
Body temperature of birds?
Warm-blooded.
42
Body temperature of mammals?
Warm-blooded.
43
What do fish have for gas exchange?
Gills.
44
What do amphibians have for gas exchange?
Skin and lungs.
45
What do reptiles have for gas exchange?
Lungs.
46
What do birds have for gas exchange?
Lungs.
47
What do mammals have for gas exchange?
Lungs.
48
Which groups of vertebrates can control their body temperature?
Birds and mammals.
49
Why are reptiles, fish, and amphibians limited to their habitat?
They are cold-blooded, so they cannot adapt to environments with different temperatures.
50
What are the common features of arthropods?
1. Segmented body 2. Jointed legs 3. Hard exoskeleton 4. Bilateral body symmetry
51
How many pairs of limbs do insects have?
3
52
How many pairs of limbs do arachnids have?
4
53
How many pairs of limbs do crustaceans have?
5
54
How many pairs of limbs do myriapods have?
10 and above.
55
How many body parts do insects have?
3
56
How many body parts do arachnids have?
2: cephlathorax and abdomen.
57
How many body parts do crustaceans have?
2: cephlathorax and abdoment.
58
How many body parts do myriapods have?
They have a cylindrical body that is not divided into distinct parts.
59
How many pairs of antennae do insects have?
1
60
How many pairs of antennae do arachnids have?
None.
61
How many pairs of antennae do crustaceans have?
2
62
How many pairs of antennae do myriapods have?
1
63
How many pairs of eyes do insects have?
1 pair of compound eyes.
64
How many pairs of eyes do arachnids have?
Several simple eyes.
65
How many pairs of eyes do crustaceans have?
1 pair of compound eyes.
66
How many pairs of eyes do myriapods have?
1 pair of simple eyes.
67
How many groups is the plant kingdom divided into? What are they?
2: ferns and flowering plants.
68
What are ferns?
Simple plants with no flowers or seeds.
69
How do ferns reproduce?
Reproduce asexually by spores, which are structures that spread in the environment to give rise to a new plant.
70
Do ferns have roots or a vascular system?
No.
71
What is the vascular system made up of?
Xylem and phloem.
72
How many groups are flowering plants divided into? What are they?
2: dicotyledons and monocotyledons.
73
How many seeds do dicotyledons have?
2.
74
How many seeds do monocotyledons have?
1.
75
How many flower parts do dicotyledons have?
Multiples of 4 or 5.
76
How many flower parts do monocotyledons have?
Multiples of 3.
77
What is the leaf shape and veins of dicotyledons?
Wide leaves with branched veins.
78
What is the leaf shape and veins of monocotyledons?
Narrow leaves with parallel veins.
79
How is the vascular bundle organised in dicotyledons?
In rings.
80
How is the vascular bundle organised in monocotyledons?
Scattered randomly.
81
Roots in dicotyledons: fibrous or not fibrous?
Not fibrous.
82
Roots in monocotyledons: fibrous or not fibrous.
Fibrous.
83
What is a cotyledon?
A seed leaf within the embryo of a seed.
84
Do fungi have nucleus?
Many nuclei.
85
Do proctoctists have nucelus?
Present.
86
Do prokaryotes have nucleus?
Absent.
87
Do fungi have cellulose?
Present but not made of cellulose.
88
Do protoctists have cellulose?
Present.
89
Do prokaryotes have cellulose?
Present but not made of celullose.
90
How many cells do fungi have?
Multicellular or unicellular.
91
How many cells do protoctists have?
Unicellular.
92
How many cells do prokaryotes have?
Unicellular.
93
What type of nutrition are animals?
Consumers.
94
What type of nutrition are plants?
Producers.
95
What type of nutrition are fungi?
Consumers: enzymes released from the hyphae digest food on which the fungus grows. Digested nutrients are then absorbed into the body.
96
What type of nutrition are protoctists?
Producers or consumers.
97
What type of nutrition are prokaryotes?
Producers or consumers.
98
Do fungi have cell organelles?
Present.
99
Do protoctists have cell organelles?
Present.
100
Do prokaryotes have cell organelles?
Absent.
101
What type of reproduction do fungi do?
Asexual by spores or budding.
102
What type of reproduction do protoctists do?
Asexual.
103
What type of reproduction do prokaryotes do?
Asexual.
104
Which kingdom do prokaryotes belong in?
Prokaryotes.
105
Do bacteria have nucleus?
Absent.
106
Which specific organelle do bacteria have?
Ribosomes.
107
What type of chromosome do bacteria have?
Circular chromosome.
108
What does the circular chromosome in bacteria for?
Made up of DNA to store genetic information.
109
What is the cell wall in bacteria for?
It helps to prevent the bacteria from bursting.
110
What is the capsule in bacteria for?
It is a slimy layer that helps the bacterium to stick to surfaces and helps to prevent the cell from dying out.
111
What is the flagellum in bacteria for?
It allows bacteria to swim.
112
Which is the only characteristic of life that viruses show?
Reproduction.
113
What are the 2 body structures of a virus?
Genetic material that could be either DNA or RNA and protein coat that covers the genetic material.
114

IGCSE Biology (2 decks)

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