Ch. 1, Ch. Overviews, Ch. 6, Ch. 12

Question 0

The social portion of the social cognitive theoretical framework acknowledges the social origins of human thought and action through:
Selected Answer:		
1. Personality
2. Job design
3. Organizational commitment
4. Design and culture.

Answer 0

4. Design and culture.

Question 1

Symbolizing

Answer 1

Visual experiences to cognitive models to help remember information for the future

Question 2

Forethought

Answer 2

Plan actions

1. what to do
2. anticipate consequences of actions
3. determine level of desired performance

Question 3

5 basic human capabilities

Answer 3

1. Symbolizing
2. Forethought
3. Observational
4. Self regulatory
5. Self reflective

Question 4

Self Regulatory

Answer 4

Self control of actions, internal standards

Question 5

Self Reflective

Answer 5

Reflect back on their actions and determine how they can do better next time

Question 6

Observational

Answer 6

Learn performances of peers & consequences (what you get for it)

Question 7

create psychological contracts with employees

Answer 7

goal setting

Question 8

This process has been defined as “a decision-making process among interdependent parties who do not share identical preferences,” and it is through this that the parties decide what each will give and take in their relationship.”

Answer 8

Negotiations

Question 9

Human Resources and Organizational Behavior can be defined as

Answer 9

the understanding, prediction, and management of human behavior in organizations.

Question 10

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 10

the stimulation to output or accomplishment that results from the mere fact of being under observation; also : such an increase in output or accomplishment

Question 11

The study of groups in the study of organizational behavior becomes especially valuable when the _____ of the groups are/ is analyzed.

Answer 11

dynamics

Question 12

the process of motivating employees by establishing effective and meaningful performance targets.

Answer 12

goal setting

Question 13

The key to understanding the process of motivation lies in the meaning of and the relationship among…

Answer 13

needs, drives and incentives

Question 14

provides a directional nature to people’s behavior and guide their thoughts and actions to one outcome rather than another.

Answer 14

goals

Question 15

Human Resource and Organizational Behavior researchers and practitioners strive to attain all of the following while researching or practicing HROB, EXCEPT:

1. The human participant’s ability to communicate towards a common purpose.
2. The human participant’s willingness to strive towards a common purpose.
3. The human participant’s willingness to serve towards a common purpose.
4. The human participant’s willingness to accept change readily.

Answer 15

4. The human participant’s willingness to accept change readily.

Question 16

Which among the following is NOT a contention put forth by Chester Barnard?
EXCEPT:
1. The human participant’s ability to communicate towards a common purpose.
2. The human participant’s willingness to strive towards a common purpose.
3. The human participant’s willingness to serve towards a common purpose.
4. The human participant’s willingness to accept change readily.

Answer 16

4. The human participant’s willingness to accept change readily.

Question 17

what is true about stress?

Answer 17

It shouldn’t be avoided
it’s not the same as nervous tension
it s not the same as anxiety

Question 18

Human Resource and Organizational Behavior researchers and practitioners strive to attain all of the following while researching or practicing HROB, EXCEPT:

1. prediction.
2. understanding/explanation.
3. management.
4. simplification.

Answer 18

4. simplification.

Question 19

Which among the following examples can be considered as a form of eustress?

Answer 19

a job promotion
making the deans list
learning a new culture when traveling

Question 20

Attitudes can be characterized according to all of the following ways EXCEPT:

1. that they can fall in strongly bracketed extremes.
2. that attitudes can fall anywhere along a continuum from very favorable to very unfavorable.
3. that attitudes are directed toward some object about which a person has feelings (sometimes called “affect”) and beliefs.
4. that they tend to persist unless something is done to change them.

Answer 20

1. that they can fall in strongly bracketed extremes.

Question 21

Peter is a new marketing research executive in a reputed marketing firm. During the first week of his work, he finds out about the performance of his peers and supervisor and what they receive for it. According to Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, which human capability is Peter concentrating on?

1. Forethought
2. Observational
3. Symbolizing
4. Self-reflective

Answer 21

2. Observational

Question 22

True or False: Alyssa and Austin both have high job satisfaction. We can therefore safely conclude that they both will also have high organizational commitment.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Within the Social Cognitive Theoretical framework, human behavior can be explained in terms of a continuous reciprocal interaction between all of the following, EXCEPT:

1. Cognitive determinants
2. Behavioral determinants
3. Paradigm determinants
4. Environmental determinants

Answer 23

3. Paradigm determinants

Question 24

True or False: The social cognitive process can be a unifying theoretical framework for both cognition and behaviorism.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

A comprehensive definition would say that if a group exists in an organization, its members would be characterized by all of the following, Except: 1. perceive the group as a unified unit of interacting people. 2. are motivated to join. 3. reach agreements and have disagreements through various forms of interaction. 4. contribute in constant amounts to the group processes.

Answer 25

4. contribute in constant amounts to the group processes.

Question 26

True or False: Decision making is almost universally defined as choosing between alternatives by progressively widening the universe of possible decision possibilities.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

All of the following would fall under the cognitive component of the Social Cognitive framework, EXCEPT: 1. Job Satisfaction 2. Attitudes 3. Culture 4. Motivation

Answer 27

3. Culture | It's social

Question 28

The key to understanding perception is to recognize that: Selected Answer: 1. it is an exact recording of the situation. 2. it is a cognitive process that yields a standard picture of the world. 3. it is a unique interpretation of the situation. 4. it is a picture that is very similar reality.

Answer 28

3. it is a unique interpretation of the situation.

Question 29

The following are NOT included within the five basic human capabilities central to the Social Cognitive Theory, EXCEPT: 1. Leadership 2. Goal-setting 3. Cognition 4. Self-reflective

Answer 29

4. Self-reflective

Question 30

Identify the characteristic of organizational culture where participants interact with another, using common language, terminology, and rituals. 1. Norms. 2. Observed behavior regularities. 3. Rules. 4. Organizational climate.

Answer 30

2. Observed behavior regularities.

Question 31

Identify the differentiating characteristic of a work group as compared to a team. 1. The work group has a strong, clearly focused leader. 2. The work group has individual and mutual accountability. 3. The work group has collective work-products. 4. The work group has a specific purpose.

Answer 31

1. The work group has a strong, clearly focused leader.

Question 32

The relay room studies phase of the Hawthorne studies concluded that: 1. the productivity would increase if the length of workday was reduced. 2. productivity was directly proportional to rest breaks. 3. productivity was independent to the method of payment. 4. the independent variables by themselves were not causing the change in the dependent variable.

Answer 32

4. the independent variables by themselves were not causing the change in the dependent variable.

Question 33

The following are included within the five basic human capabilities central to the Social Cognitive Theory, EXCEPT: 1. Symbolizing 2. Forethought 3. Cognition 4. Self-regulatory 5. Self-reflection 6. Observational

Answer 33

3. Cognition

Question 34

Some of the historically important definitions for personality come from all these theories EXCEPT: 1. trait theory. 2. psychoanalytical or psychodynamic theory. 3. humanistic theory. 4. social theory.

Answer 34

4. social theory.

Question 35

Which among the following does NOT signify the term “paradigm?” 1. A framework. 2. A way of thinking. 3. A scheme for understanding technology. 4. A scheme for understanding reality.

Answer 35

3. A scheme for understanding technology.

Question 36

The following are included within the five basic human capabilities central to the Social Cognitive Theory, EXCEPT: 1. Symbolizing 2. Forethought 3. Cognition 4. Self-regulatory 5. Self-reflection 6. Observational

Answer 36

3. Cognition

Question 37

Human Resources and Organizational Behavior can be defined as: 1. the understanding, prediction, and management of a single individual's behavior. 2. the understanding, prediction, and management of organizations. 3. the understanding, prediction, and management of human behavior in organizations. 4. the understanding, prediction, and management of managers' behavior in organizations.

Answer 37

3. the understanding, prediction, and management of human behavior in organizations.

Question 38

Operant conditioning results in behaviors: 1. elicited by a stimuli also known as the stimulus - response explanation of human behavior. 2. elicited by the consequences of a response also known as the response - stimulus explanation of human behavior. 3. in which the respondent's answers are sought on a questionnaire. 4. None of the above.

Answer 38

2. elicited by the consequences of a response also known as the response - stimulus explanation of human behavior.

Question 39

All of these were part of the Hawthorne studies, EXCEPT: 1. The illumination studies 2. The time and motion studies 3. The relay room studies 4. The bank wiring studies

Answer 39

2. The time and motion studies

Question 40

The Social Cognitive Theory recognizes the importance of Selected Answer: 1. Social origins of human action. 2. Cognitive processes that influence human action. 3. Both A & B 4. None of the above.

Answer 40

3. Both A & B

Question 41

Which one of the following can be explained as resulting from the paradigm effect? 1. Easy shift from old paradigm management to new. 2. Resistance to change. 3. Gathering more information. 4. Drawing of logical inferences of a change.

Answer 41

2. Resistance to change.

Question 42

Bill is a trainee executive in an accounting firm. He knows that in order to do well in his career, he needs to perform well. He has set internal standards for himself so that he can evaluate the discrepancy between the standard and the performance in order to improve it. 1. Forethought 2. Symbolizing 3. Self-regulatory 4. Self-reflective

Answer 42

3. Self-regulatory

Question 43

The following were discussed in class as alternate models for managing the workforce that de-emphasizes the human capital perspective and contradict theories that we examine in this course, EXCEPT. 1. Plant closures and layoffs. 2. Use of temporary workers. 3. Automation. 4. Outsourcing. 5. Rewarding and recognizing employees.

Answer 43

5. Rewarding and recognizing employees.

Question 44

True or False: | Behavioral science is almost as old as the physical and biological sciences.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Social learning (Figure 1.3) takes the position that behavior can best be explained in terms of a continuous _____ interaction among cognitive, behavioral, and environmental determinants. 1. coordinated 2. exponential 3. rational 4. reciprocal

Answer 45

4. reciprocal

Question 46

True or False: The Hawthorne effect postulates that the increase in productivity can be attributed to the special attention received by the participants.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Identify the variable that is NOT considered as a major challenge in today’s organizational environment. 1. Global competition and diversity. 2. Financial markets. 3. Solving ethical dilemmas and problems. 4. Globalization

Answer 47

2. Financial markets.

Question 48

InvestorPro, an investment consulting firm plans to flatten its traditional hierarchy structure. The intent is to eliminate authoritarian positions in its structure and create new ones that are operationally logical. The top management agrees that none of the employees would be laid-off but only transferred from their positions to the new ones. This plan, when announced to its employees, is not taken well by lower- and middle- level management who did not want the structure to be changed. When asked for a reason, they were not able to put a strong argument. Which of the following best describes this effect? 1. Hawthorne effect 2. Audience effect 3. Paradigm effect 4. External validity

Answer 48

3. Paradigm effect

Question 49

The Hawthorne effect includes all of the following, EXCEPT: 1. Novelty 2. Attention 3. Small group 4. Interest

Answer 49

3. Small group

Question 50

Respondent behaviors are those behaviors: 1. elicited by a stimuli also known as the stimulus - response explanation of human behavior. 2. elicited by the consequences of a response also known as the response - stimulus explanation of human behavior. 3. in which the respondent's answers are sought on a questionnaire. 4. None of the above.

Answer 50

1. elicited by a stimuli also known as the stimulus - response explanation of human behavior.

Question 51

True or False: Paradigm shifts have the ability to invalidate advantages for some companies, while creating new opportunities for others.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

According to social learning, behavior can best be explained in terms of a continuous reciprocal interaction among all of the following determinants EXCEPT: 1. cognitive. 2. behavioral. 3. motivational. 4. environmental.

Answer 52

3. motivational.

Question 53

Which among the following was not emphasized compared to other dimensions of management by early pioneers of practicing management, such as Fredrick Taylor, Henry Ford, Henri Fayol and Alfred P. Sloan? 1. Hierarchical structure. 2. Specialization. 3. Management functions of planning and controlling. 4. Human dimension.

Answer 53

4. Human dimension.

Question 54

There was only one activity from this list that we did in class. Which was it? Selected Answer: 1. Flew a kite. 2. Listened to an audio interview of employees from Sun Microsystems. 3. Analyzed a case study. 4. Sang a song in class.

Answer 54

3. Analyzed a case study.

Question 55

The relay room studies phase of the Hawthorne studies included the testing of specific variables. These included all of the following EXCEPT: 1. length of workday. 2. rest breaks. 3. method of payment. 4. condition of the equipment.

Answer 55

4. condition of the equipment.

Question 56

Under negative control: 1. people come to work in order not to be fired. 2. the person behaves in a certain way in order to achieve the positive results that they desire. 3. people keep busy whether the supervisor is around or not in order to receive incentive pay. 4. people keep busy because they get social recognition/attention and feedback for their good work.

Answer 56

1. people come to work in order not to be fired.

Question 57

According to the futurist Joel Barker, a paradigm simply establishes the rules, defines the _____, and tells one how to behave within the boundaries in order to be successful. 1. boundaries 2. attitudes 3. human capital 4. structural differences

Answer 57

1. boundaries

Question 58

Within the Social Cognitive Theoretical framework, human behavior can be explained in terms of a continuous reciprocal interaction between all of the following, EXCEPT: 1. Cognitive determinants 2. Behavioral determinants 3. Paradigm determinants 4. Environmental determinants

Answer 58

3. Paradigm determinants

Question 59

True or False: In the unchanged illumination phase of the Hawthorne studies, employees showed no increase or decrease in output corresponding to increase in illumination.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

While trying to understand, predict and influence human behavior, like in the case study on Hank James, the ____________ theoretical framework offers a useful tool for undertaking such an analysis. 1. Cognitive theoretical framework. 2. Behavioristic theoretical framework. 3. Social Cognitive theoretical framework. 4. Theory of Paradigms.

Answer 60

3. Social Cognitive theoretical framework.

Question 61

True or False: Only HR managers, and not all managers regardless of technical function, need to have an understanding and perspective of organizational behavior.

Answer 61

False

Question 62

While analyzing the Hank case study, the class was divided on the basis of all of the following categories, EXCEPT: 1. The HR department. 2. Hank 3. The Professor who trains Hank. 4. Mary's boss Jim.

Answer 62

4. Mary's boss Jim

Question 63

A review of absenteeism found _____ to be one of the potential antecedent influences that could be used to improve attendance. 1. rewards 2. unit size 3. feedback 4. punishers

Answer 63

2. unit size

Question 64

Learning goal orientation pertains to those who want to demonstrate and validate competence by seeking favorable judgments. Performance goal orientation pertains to those who want to develop competence by mastering challenging situations.

Answer 64

False

Question 65

Stretch targets may be defined as objectives or goals that force organizations to significantly alter their processes in ways that involve a whole new paradigm of operations.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

Which of the following is perhaps the biggest problem with the use of punishment? 1. It is the most ineffective intervention for O.B. Mod. 2. It only temporarily changes behavior. 3. It is very difficult for a supervisor to switch roles from punisher to positive reinforcer. 4. It produces long-term consequences that are far more costly than whatever the original misbehavior was.

Answer 66

3. It is very difficult for a supervisor to switch roles from punisher to positive reinforcer.

Question 67

Which of the following psychological state involves the degree to which employees understand how they are performing in the job? 1. Meaningfulness 2. Knowledge of results 3. Task identity 4. Responsibility

Answer 67

2. Knowledge of results

Question 68

Realistically it is recognized that in some cases the use of punishment to weaken and decelerate undesirable behaviors cannot be avoided. Selected Answer:

Answer 68

True

Question 69

All of these apply to Goal Setting, EXCEPT: 1. Goal setting is the process of motivating employees by establishing effective and meaningful performance targets. 2. Goals provide a directional nature to people’s behavior and guide their thoughts and actions to one outcome rather than another. 3. Goal setting is the methods that management uses to develop the content of a job, including all relevant tasks, as well as the process by which jobs are constructed and revised. 4. Goal setting can be used to create psychological contracts with employees.

Answer 69

3. Goal setting is the methods that management uses to develop the content of a job, including all relevant tasks, as well as the process by which jobs are constructed and revised.

Question 70

Which of the following psychological state involves the degree to which employees perceive their work as making a valued contribution, as being important and worthwhile? 1. Meaningfulness 2. Knowledge of results 3. Task identity 4. Responsibility

Answer 70

1. Meaningfulness

Question 71

A glaring weakness of most human resource management programs is the absence of any systematic, built-in evaluation.

Answer 71

True

Question 72

______________ is an example of vertically loading a job while ____________ is an example of horizontally loading a job. 1. Job Rotation, Job Enlargement 2. Job Enlargement, Job Rotation 3. Job Enrichment, Job Satisfaction 4. Job Enrichment, Job Rotation

Answer 72

4. Job Enrichment, Job Rotation

Question 73

Benchmarking, stretch target, and goal source are other performance management application techniques associated with goal setting.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

A glaring weakness of most human resource management programs is the absence of any systematic, built-in _____________________. 1. configuration. 2. evaluation. 3. systematic application. 4. organized creation.

Answer 74

2. evaluation

Question 75

The nature of work is changing due to a blurring of the distinction between on-work and off-work time.

Answer 75

True

Question 76

Job design draws on all of the following theoretical views, EXCEPT: 1. Stimulus – Response view. 2. Theory of personality. 3. Social Learning Theory. 4. Social Cognitive Theoretical Framework.

Answer 76

2. Theory of personality.

Question 77

While identifying the critical behaviors of a job, one of the guidelines is that only direct performance be included. Which among the following does not fit the criterion? 1. Absenteeism or attendance 2. Goofing off 3. Tardiness or promptness 4. Doing or not doing a job

Answer 77

2. Goofing off

Question 78

Task identity refers to job independence.

Answer 78

False

Question 79

The question ‘how complete a module of work does the employee perform' would fall under the category of which one of these specified core job characteristics under the Hackman-Oldham model? 1. Skill variety 2. Feedback 3. Autonomy 4. Task identity

Answer 79

4. Task Identity

Question 80

All of these are a form of job design, EXCEPT: 1. Job Enlargement 2. Job Enrichment 3. Job Satisfaction 4. Job Rotation

Answer 80

3. Job Satisfaction

Question 81

Extensive research evidence on goal-setting point to all of these, EXCEPT: 1. Specific goals have been found to be more effective than vague goals. 2. Goals should be challenging rather than routine. 3. Sometimes goals should be difficult and unreachable. 4. Commitment tends to run higher when goals are specific.

Answer 81

3. Sometimes goals should be difficult and unreachable.

Question 82

The baseline measure may indicate that the problem is much smaller or much bigger than was thought to be the case.

Answer 82

True

Question 83

According to Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation, the reaction level refers to: 1. whether behaviors are actually being changed. 2. whether there is actual performance improvement. 3. whether the people administering and experiencing the approach like it. 4. whether the people using the approach understand the theoretical background and underlying assumptions and the meaning of, and reasons for, the steps in the model.

Answer 83

3. whether the people administering and experiencing the approach like it.

Question 84

The primary disadvantage of job rotation is that after the experience of each new task, the workers want to go back to where they started off from.

Answer 84

False

Question 85

True or False.. Job satisfaction is a perception about ones job while organizational commitment is a perception about ones commitment to an organization.

Answer 85

False | it's attitudes!!

Question 86

Which of the following involves learning from others' best practices and then to formulate specific change goals based on procedures and work assignments that have been observed in world-class organizations? 1. Monitoring 2. Capacity planning 3. Benchmarking 4. Emulation theory

Answer 86

3. Benchmarking

Question 87

Commitment tends to run higher when goals are specific as opposed to general or broad.

Answer 87

True

Question 88

The immediate supervisor, or the job holder, determining the critical behaviors process goes hand in hand with using the O.B. Mod as a problem-solving approach for the individual manager or a team.

Answer 88

True

Question 89

The goal of the intervention is to strengthen and accelerate functional performance behaviors and/or weaken and decelerate dysfunctional behaviors.

Answer 89

True

Question 90

Reaction evaluations are helpful because they can provide useful comparative data between units, and across cultures.

Answer 90

False

Question 91

In an organization, employees move from one relatively simple job to another after short time periods. Which of the following job designs is the organization implementing? 1. Job engineering 2. Job enlargement 3. Job rotation 4. Job enrichment

Answer 91

3. Job rotation

Question 92

Which of the following is characteristic of a team as compared to a work group? 1. The team's purpose is the same as the organization's. 2. The team encourages open-ended, active problem-solving meetings. 3. The team measures effectiveness indirectly. 4. The team discusses, decides, and delegates.

Answer 92

2. The team encourages open-ended, active problem-solving meetings.