Ch. 1 & Ch. 2

Question 1

Applied Psychology

Answer 1

Application of psychological principles to solve real-world problems.

Question 2

Behaviour

Answer 2

Observable actions of humans or animals.

Question 3

Behaviourism

Answer 3

School of thought focusing on observable behaviours, excluding mental processes

Question 4

Biological Psychology

Answer 4

Studies the biological basis of behaviour, focusing on the brain and nervous system.

One of the nine research areas of modern psychology.

Question 5

Clinical Psychology

Answer 5

It is concerned with diagnosing and treating psychological disorders.

Question 6

Cognition

Answer 6

Mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 7

Counselling Psychology

Answer 7

Helps people with personal, social, or emotional challenges.

Question 8

Critical Thinking

Answer 8

Objective analysis of information to form a reasoned judgement.

Question 9

Culture

Answer 9

Shared customs and values that shape behaviour in a society.

Question 10

Developmental Psychologist

Answer 10

Studies how people grow and change throughout their lives.

One of the nine research areas of modern psychology.

Question 11

Empiricism

Answer 11

The idea is that knowledge should be acquired through observation.

Question 12

Ethnocentrism

Answer 12

Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture.

Question 13

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 13

Studies behaviour in terms of its adaptive evolutionary functions.

Question 14

Experimental Psychology

Answer 14

It uses experimental methods to study basic psychological processes—one of the nine research areas of modern psychology.

Question 15

Functionalism

Answer 15

Focuses on the function or purpose of consciousness in adaptation.

Question 16

Humanism

Answer 16

Emphasizes human growth, free will, and personal potential.

Question 17

Industrial / Organization Psychology

Answer 17

Applies psychological principles to workspace issues - business and industry.

Question 18

Introspection

Answer 18

Method of examining consciousness experience through self-observation.

Question 19

Natural Selection

Answer 19

The process through which traits that aid survival are passed on.

Question 20

Personality Psychology

Answer 20

Seeks to describe and understand the consistency in behaviour that represents one’s personality.

Question 21

Positive Psychology

Answer 21

Launched by Martin Seligman in the 1990’s - arguing that psychology focuses too much on pathology and suffering.

It uses theory and research to understand the adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of the human experience.

Question 22

Psychiatry

Answer 22

A branch of medicine deals with diagnosing and treating mental health conditions/illnesses.

Question 23

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 23

Attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behaviour.

Question 24

Psychometrics

Answer 24

Fo uses measurements of behaviour and capacities, usually through psychological tests. It involves designing tests to assess personality, intelligence, and other abilities.

It is also involved with the development of new techniques for statistical analysis.

Question 25

Psychology

Answer 25

The science that studies behaviour and the physiological and cognitive processes that underline it.
It is also the process that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems.

Question 26

Social Psychologist

Answer 26

Focuses on the connections between interpersonal behaviour and the role of social norms in governing behaviour.

Question 27

Stimulus

Answer 27

Any external event that elicits a response.

Question 28

Structuralism

Answer 28

Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into it’s BASIC ELEMENTS and investigate how these elements are related.

Question 29

Theory

Answer 29

A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations.

Question 30

Unconscious

Answer 30

According to Freud, the unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but exert a great influence on behaviour.

Question 31

Sigmund Freud

Answer 31

Developed the theory of psychoanalysis, focusing on unconscious desires.

1856-1939 – Austrian Physician. His theories made him one of the most influential - and controversial- intellectual figures of the 20th century.

Question 32

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 32

First APA (American Psychology Association) president and established the first U.S. Psychology lab.

Question 33

Donald Hebb

Answer 33

Pioneer of neuropsychology. McGill University. Paved the way for recent cognitive neuroscience revolutions within psychology.

Question 34

William James

Answer 34

Founder of Functionalism and studied streams of consciousness. First laboratory opened with Wilhelm Wundt.

Question 35

Carl Rogers

Answer 35

Humanism. Argued that human behaviour is governed primarily by each individuals sense of self… or self concept, which animals lack.

Developed person-centered therapy.

Question 36

Martin Seligman

Answer 36

Pioneer of positive psychology. Late 1990s.

Question 37

B.F. Skinner

Answer 37

1950’s. Studied operant conditioning and reinforcement of behaviour.

Shaped trends in child rearing practices.

Question 38

John B. Watson

Answer 38

Founder of Behaviourism. Believed that psychology should only study observable behaviour.

Question 39

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 39

Founder of Psychology. Established the first psychology lab in 1879 in Germany.