Ch 1 - Ch 11 Flashcards
Adjoining bones united by collagen fibers
Fibrous
Adjoining united by cartilage
Cartilaginous
Adjoining bones separated by a joint cavity, covered with articular cartilage, and enclosed within an articular capsule lined with synovial membrane
Synovial
Fibrous suture joint - mobile or immobile
Immobile (synarthrosis)
Fibrous syndesmosis joint - mobile or immobile
Slightly mobile (amphiarthrosis) and immobile
Fibrous gomophosis (periodontal ligament) - mobile or immobile
Immobile (synarthrosis)
Cartilaginous synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage) - mobile or immobile
Immobile (As in the vertebrae)
Cartilaginous symphysis (fibrocartilage) - mobile or immobile
Slightly immobile
Synovial plane joint - location
Between tarsal and bones
Synovial hinge joint - location
Elbow
Synovial pivot joint- location
Between C1 and C2 vertebrae
Synovial condylar joint - location
Between radius and carpal bones of wrist
Synovial saddle joint - location
Between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone
Synovial ball-and-socket joint - location
Hip and shoulder joints
Review slide
46 and 47
Factors influencing stability of synovial joints
Articular surfaces, ligaments, and muscle tone
Fascicle arrangement: run in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle.
Parallel muscles (majority of skeletal muscles)
Fascicle arrangement: also called sphincters; when relaxed they are concentrically arranged bundles or muscle fibers and increase the size of the opening.
Circular (orbicularis oris and oculi)
Fascicle arrangement: when a muscle has a widespread expansion over a sizable area, but then the fascicles come to a single, common attachment pint, the muscle is called…
Convergent (pectoralis major)
Fascicle arrangement: blend into a tendon that runs through the central region of the muscle for its whole length, somewhat like the quill of a feather with the muscle arranged similar to feathers.
Pennate (penna - feathers)
A fixator that stabilizes the bone that is an attachment for the prime mover’s origin is called…
A synergist
To left an item which muscle is considered the synergist?
The brachialis and the brachoradialis
A muscle with the opposite action of the prime mover is called the…
Agonist
Two roles of an agonist:
1) they maintain body or limb position, such as holding a limb erect
2) they control rapid movement, as in shadow boxing without landing a punch or the ability to check the motion of a limb
When extending the knee, 4 muscles called the quadriceps femoris in the anterior compartment of the thigh. Are they the agonist or antagonist muscles?
Agonist
When extending the knee, an opposite set of muscles called the hamstrings is activated. Are they the agonist or antagonist?
Antagonist
When you do the opposite movement (knee bending) the muscles take the opposite role with the hamstrings now becoming the agonist and the quadriceps femurs becoming the antagonist. T or F?
True!
When flexing the fingers and the hand at the wrist, which muscle(s) act as the agonist ?
Flexor digitorium superficialis and flexor digitorium profundus
When extending the fingers and the hand at the wrist, which muscle(s) act as the agonist?
Extensor digitorum (in the posterior compartment of the forearm)
When a parallel muscle has a central, large belly that is spindle-shaped, meaning it tapers as it extends to its origin and insertion, it is called…
Fusiform
Pennate muscle with fascicles located on one side of the tendon
Unipennate
Pennate muscle with fascicles located on both sides of the tendon
Bipennate
Pennate muscle with fibers wrapping around the tendon, sometimes forming individual fascicles in the process
Multipennate
When a parallel muscle has a central, large belly that is spindle-shaped, meaning it tapers as it extends to its origin and insertion, it is called…
Fusiform (biceps brachii)
Pennate muscle with fascicles located on one side of the tendon
Unipennate (extensor digitorum longus)
Pennate muscle with fascicles located on both sides of the tendon
Bipennate (rectus femoris)
In the lever system: a rigid bar that moves
Lever
In the lever system: a fixed point
Fulcrum
In the lever system: applied force
Effort
In the lever system: resistance
Load
In the lever system: resistance
Load
Arrangement of the elements is load-fulcrum-effort
First-class lever (example: scissors; raises head off chest)
Arrangement of the elements is fulcrum-load-effort
Second-class lever (example: wheelbarrow; standing on tip-toe )
Arrangement of the elements is load-effort-fulcrum
Third-rate lever (example: tweezers or forceps; flexing the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle)
What kind of CT divides limb muscles into compartments?
Dense fibrous CT
