Ch 1 Atomic Structure

Question 1

equation for light

Answer 1

c = (lambda)v

Question 2

particle nature equation

Answer 2

E(photon) = h*v

Question 3

Bohr model for hydrogen atom

Answer 3

E(n) = (-Rh)/(n)^2

Rh = rydberg constant
n = principal quantum number

Question 4

emission of light

Answer 4

delta E = hv –> -Rh(1/n^2f - 1/n^2i)

Question 5

principle quantum number (n)

Answer 5

designates size of atomic orbital

Question 6

angular momentum (l)

Answer 6

shape of atomic orbital

Question 7

magnetic quantum number (ml)

Answer 7

orientation of atomic orbital

Question 8

electron spin quantum number (ms)

Answer 8

orientation of electron

Question 9

Rules of principle quantum number

Answer 9

• larger n = larger size and high energy
• collection of orbitals with same n = shell

Question 10

rules of angular momentum

Answer 10

• depends on n and range from 0 to n-1
• larger l = higher energy orbitals
• collection of orbitals with same value of l = subshell (s, p, d, f)

Question 11

rules of magnetic quantum number

Answer 11

• depends on l and range from -l to +l
• each value of ml stands for an atomic orbital
• orbitals with same n and l value = same energy, no matter of different ml values

Question 12

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 12

no more than 2 e- in a single orbital; if there’s 2, there spins must be paired in opposite directions

Question 13

nodes

Answer 13

regions where wave functions pass thru zero

Question 14

radical nodes

Answer 14

n-l

Question 15

angular nodes

Answer 15

of angular nodes / nodal planes is equal to the l value of that orbital

Question 16

shielding

Answer 16

in multiple electronegative atoms, the e- repel and reduce the actual charge of the nucleus, Z, to a lower Zeff (effective nuclear charge)

Question 17

penetration

Answer 17

e- can penetrate into inner shell of other e- and reduce shielding effects

s > p > d > f

Question 18

effective nuclear charge

Answer 18

Zeff = Z - delta
delta = shielding constant estimated by Sater’s rule

Question 19

Aufbau’s principle

Answer 19

e- are added to the lowest energy orbitals first before moving to higher energy orbitals

• energy of orbitals depend on both n and l

Question 20

Hund’s rule

Answer 20

when several orbitals of equal energy (same n and l, but different ml) are available, e- enter singly with parallel spins