Ch. 1 Arterial Gross Anatomy Flashcards
What are the first branches of the ascending aorta?
The coronary arteries
What side is the Innominate/ Brachiocephalic artery on?
What does it divide into?
Right side
Divides into the RCCA and subclavian arteries
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
1st branch are the coronary arteries.
Innominate/Brachiocephalic
LCCA
Lt sublcavian artery
What rib is associated with the subclavian artery?
What are some branches?
It runs laterally to the outer border of the 1st rib
1 Vertebral, 2 thyrocervical, 3 costocervical
What does the brachial artery branch into and where?
Radial and ulnar arteries at inner aspect of elbow (antecubital fossa)
What does the radial artery branch to form?
Superficial palmar (volar) arch
Where does the radial artery terminate and join?
In the deep palmar arch by joining the deep branch of the ulnar artery
What does the ulnar artery branch to form?
Deep palmar (volar) branch
Where does the ulnar artery terminate?
In the superficial palmar arch
What is the predominate source of blood flow to the hand?
The ulnar artery
What does the superficial palmar (volar) arch include?
Distal portion of ulnar artery
Branch of the radial artery
Deep palmar arch includes?
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Distal portion of the radial artery
What are the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?
Celiac, SMA, Renal arteries, and IMA
What organs does the celiac artery supply?
What are it’s branches?
Organs - Stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and spleen
Branches - L. gastric, splenic and CHA
What does the SMA supply?
Where is it located?
What is an anomaly of this vessel?
Organs - Small intestine, cecum, parts of colon.
Location- 1 cm distal to Celiac A.
Can be a common trunk of the Celiac A and SMA
What do the renal arteries supply?
Are multiple RAs uncommonly seen bilaterally?
What is the landmark for left renal A?
Kidneys, suprarenal glands, and ureters
Not uncommon
Left renal v which crosses the AO anteriorly, the artery begins posterior.
What does IMA supply?
Where does it arise from?
What can it act as?
Transverse, descending colon and part of rectum
Arises from Abd AO about 3-4 cm above bif
can act as a collateral connection
What are the Terminal Branches of the Abd AO?
Both Common Iliacs, external and internal
What does the most distal branches of the Abd Ao - the Common Iliac arteries supply?
They carry blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall, and lower limbs
Where does the external iliac artery travel and what does it become?
along the medial side of the Psoas major muscle, passing underneath the inguinal ligament.
It becomes the CFA
Where does the superficial femoral artery pass through and enter?
an opening in the tendon of the adductor hiatus (adductor canal, or Hunter’s canal)
Enters the pop fossa behind the knee
Where does the deep femoral (profunda femoris) artery arise?
What can it act as?
About 5 cm from the inguinal ligament on the lateral side
A collateral connection
Where is the popliteal artery located?
What does it divide into?
Adductor hiatus: termination of SFA
Divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries at interval between tibia and fibula.
Note: these two branches along with the peroneal artery branch is referred to as the trifurcation.
What is the first branch off of the distal pop artery?
What does it become and where is it directed?
Anterior tibial artery
Becomes dorsalis pedis artery and is directed across dorsum of foot towards base of great toe.
What is the major branch of the deep plantar artery?
unites with lateral plantar artery to complete plantar arch
Where does the posterior tibial artery extend?
What is the trunk associated with this artery called?
What are the major branches?
Extends obliquely down posterior/medial side of leg
Tibioperoneal Trunk: short segment between ATA branch and branches of PTA and peroneal arteries
Branches- lateral and medial plantar arteries, branching below medial malleolus to supply sole of foot
Where does the peroneal artery pass?
Passes toward fibula, traveling down medial side of that bone to supply structures of the lateral side of the leg/foot.
What arteries distribute blood to the digits of the foot?
Plantar arch’s plantar and dorsal metatarsals
What does the plantar arch consist of?
Deep plantar artery (branch of DPA) and lateral plantar artery (branch of PTA)
What does the lateral plantar artery unite with?
Deep plantar artery
What are arterioles?
Considered resistance vessels and assist with regulating blood flow through contraction and relaxation.
What do capillaries do?
Nutrients and waste products are exchanged between the tissue and blood
What are the layers of the arterial wall?
Tunica intima (inner) Tunica media (intermediate) Tunica externa/ adventitia (outer)
What is the tunica intima?
Inner thin layer consisting of a surface layer of smooth endothelium, base membrane and connective tissue
What is the tunica media?
intermediate thicker layer, composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, largely of the elastic type
What is the tunica externa?
Outer layer (adventitia) is somewhat thinner than media, contains fibrous connective tissue; some muscle fibers.
What does the adventitial layer contain?
the vasa vasorum, tiny vessels that carry blood to the walls of the larger arteries
