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Understanding The Bible > Ch. 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the Bible referred to as the “Canon of Scripture”?

A

is a collection or list of
authoritative writings

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2
Q

How was the canon formed?

A

From Writings on Scrolls to Book form (codex)

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3
Q

Why did communities need a Bible

A

 Purpose: Why do we exist?
 Belief: What do we believe?
 Practice: How do we live it?

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4
Q

Who determined the final “Canon of Scripture”?

A

God

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5
Q

What was the criteria for a writing to be included in the “Canon of Scripture”?

A
  • was it received and recognized
  • Did they read it
  • Passed down (rule of faith)
  • Did it have apostolic authority (Apostolicity)
  • Prophetic Evidence (could God only have said it)
  • Life changing
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6
Q

Three stages that formed the Bible (“Canon of Scripture”):

A
  • Stage 1: Composed
  • Stage 2: Circulated and Used (smaller communities than larger ones)
  • Stage 3: Specific writings became
    the Closed Canon…(The Bible)
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7
Q

Old Testament written

A

1400-430 B.C.E

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8
Q

New Testament written

A

40-90 C.E

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9
Q

When did the gathering of the
canon begin

A

After the first writings “the book
of the law” were found in the
Temple

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10
Q

He believed he God of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) was not the Father of Jesus Christ and rejected it.

A

Marcion

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11
Q

religious movement that believed the Old Testament (hebrew bible) was not the Father of Jesus Christ

A

Marcionism

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12
Q

100% certain there is a God of Gods

A

Gnostic Theist

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13
Q

100% certain there is no God of Gods

A

Gnostic Atheist

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14
Q

Believes in a God or Gods, but doesn’t claim to know with 100% certainty

A

Agnostic Theist

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15
Q

Lacks belief in a God or Gods, but doesn’t claim to know with 100% certainty

A

Agnostic Atheist

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16
Q

Influenced by such philosophers as Plato

A

Gnostics

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17
Q

is based on two false premises:
 #1: Matter is evil and spirit is good.
 #2: Claim to possess an elevated
knowledge, a “higher truth” known only to a certain few.

A

Gnosticism

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18
Q

What is the Apocrypha? Was it
included in the “Protestant Canon of
Scripture”? Why or Why No?

A

hidden or secret (greek word) was taken out of the bible but was in the roman catholic (Deuterocanonical). No because
1. do not claim as same authority
2. Weren’t God’s words
3. Wasn’t considered to be Jesus Scriptures
4. Inconsistent teachings

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19
Q

The closing of the canon was a long ___ process ; not an overnight success

A

discerning

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20
Q

is known as the “father of church
history.”

A

Eusebius

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21
Q

the Roman Emperor- adopted Christianity as the religion of the empire.

A

Constantine

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22
Q

He was the first to publish in his Festal Letter of Easter in 367 C.E. a
list of all Old and New Testament books.

A

Athanasius

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23
Q

The First Councils to Classify the
Canonical Books:

A
  1. The Council of Hippo Regius in 393
    C.E. and at Carthage in 397 C.E.
  2. The Counter-Reformation Council of Trent (1546)
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24
Q

First Canon Known for the New Testament

A

Muratorian Canon or Muratorian Fragment

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25
Q

Did Priest Ezra read the “canon of
scripture” from a written form?

A

No Evidence that written form existed
during this time

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26
Q

Bible of the First Century

A

Septuagint

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27
Q

written the Vulgate

A

Saint Jerome

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28
Q

List the books in teh Jewish Bible

A

The Tanakh:
* The Torah (Law)
* The Nevi’im (Prophets)
* The Ketuvim (Writings)

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29
Q

Whats the bibles called in the Christian Bible. and how many in each

A
  • Old Testament (39 Books)
  • New Testament (27 Books)
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30
Q

What are the three original languages of the Bible

A

Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek

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31
Q

What is the Vulgate

A

Latin

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32
Q

rivals of the church (worship of mini Gods) (BIGGEST CHALLENGE)

A

polytheism

33
Q

stated there were no more than authoritative writings after the book of Malachai

A

Josephus

34
Q

How did they pass down the bible?

A

Oral Tradition

35
Q

Do we have the right books in the canon?

A

Yes, Confidence in God’s faithfulness
God is not a trickster or wants his people to fail
He confirmed the 3 fold division of our canonical books

36
Q

Old Testament matches the Jewish Tanakh, but some of the books are grouped differently

A

Protestant Christians

37
Q

Old Testament matches the Protestant Christian Bible in organization, but the Catholic
Old Testament contains more books

A

Roman Catholic Christians

38
Q

Old Testament contains even more books

A

Eastern Orthodox Christians

39
Q

Why do they agree on the New Testament, but not so
much on the Old Testament?

A

timing

40
Q

The Hebrew Bible refers to the first five books of the Bible as

A

The Torah

41
Q

The Greek word for the first five books of the Bible

A

The Pentateuch

42
Q

The major teachings of the Bible can be classified into four characteristics

A
  • The Authority of Scripture
     The Clarity of Scripture
     The Necessity of Scripture
     The Sufficiency of Scripture
43
Q

How did the Dead Sea Scrolls impact the Hebrew bible?

A

ccurred in 1947 in Qumran, a goat threw a rock into the caves and made a crackling soung that hit a ceramic pot that contained tens of thousands of scroll fragments

44
Q

The Dead Sea Scrolls included every book in the Hebrew bible except ___

A

The Book of Esther

45
Q

Moses wrote the __/___ and is the writer of the __ books of the bible

A

Pentateuch (Greek)/Torah (Hebrew)
5

46
Q

How was the og Bible compiled

A

It was placed in the Ark of the Covenant

47
Q

During the time of ___ ___ ___, the books already compiled were placed in the temple treasury and cared for by the ___ who served in the temple

A

David and Soloman
priests

48
Q

The only way to distribute or preserve a text before the printing press was to

A

copy

49
Q

Copying Rule System:

A
  1. Count the words
  2. Every line on a given page had to be the same in number of words as the og.
  3. Another person verify
50
Q

Closing of the Canon: name the 5 ppl

A

Eusebius, Constantine, Athanasius, Josephus, Councils

51
Q

method of research

A

Textual Criticism

52
Q

There are three primary methods to Textual Criticism:

A
  1. Textus Receptus - Erasmus responsible for KJV (King James Version) and NKJV
  2. Majority Text - compares the differences between majority of text
  3. Critical/Ecletic Method - consider evidence
53
Q

rabbis who had these callings that we had these og texts

A

Masoretes

54
Q

comes from the word masora. Masoretes introduced the vowel signs to guarantee correct pronunciation

A

Masoretic Text

55
Q

What were the earliest partial copies of the New Testament written on?

A
  1. Papyrus (credit card size)
  2. Uncials - uppercase letters
  3. Vellum - writing material made of leather
  4. Codex - 1st form of book
56
Q

Which manuscripts from the 4th Century are forms of books or loose leaves that further validates the New Testament?

A

Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus

57
Q

found on Mount Sinai

A

Codex Vaticanus

58
Q

found in the Vatican library

A

Codex Sinaiticus

59
Q

Marked the divisions in the bible

A

Codex Alexandrinus

60
Q

What is Formal Correspondence?
Ex?

A

Word for Word Translation
ex: King James Version

61
Q

What is Dynamic Equivalence?
Ex?

A

Paraphrase translation
ex: NLT

62
Q

What is the English translation that adheres most closely to the formal correspondence?

A

ASV

63
Q

Which translations are produced by a single individual?

A

The Message (Eugene H. Peterson) and JB Philips

64
Q

What is the best way to determine which Bible translation one should read?

A
  • Preface…to discover the strategy behind that translation
  • Understand the purpose for your reading
65
Q

What did KJV rely on for its basis for translation?

A

Textus Receptus

66
Q

how many books are in the bible

A

66

67
Q

Jewish (Old Testament) is written in

A

Hebrew

68
Q

New Testament is written in

A

Greek

69
Q

Septuagint

A

Greek

70
Q

He refurbished the temple in the late 5th-6th century

A

King Josiah

71
Q

The Hebrew Bible refers to the 1st 5 books of the bible as ___ ___

A

The Torah

72
Q

The Greek Bible refers to the 1st 5 books of the bible as ___ ___

A

The Pentateuch

73
Q

Who wa responsible for the Ark of the Covenant

A

Priests

74
Q

What does the many centuries of rewrites and language translations suggest to you

A

so it can be read to many ppl

75
Q

The Bible also includes many different kinds of writings: ___, ___, ___, ___, and an ___

A

narratives, letters, psalms, poetry, and an apocalypse

76
Q

refers to the forms of Judaism that existed

A

Second Temple Judaism

77
Q

where did the workers find the book of the law

A

In the back room of the temple

78
Q

Why did the workers call on a prophet, Hudlah when finding the book of the law

A

To verify the book really was the word of God

79
Q

the canon began during the ____

A

exile

Understanding The Bible (4 decks)

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