Ch 1

Question 1

Criminal Justice

Answer 1

The system of institutions, policies, and practices with the goal of maintaining social control and deterring crime through sanctions and rehabilitation.

Question 2

Law Enforcement

Answer 2

Law Enforcement agencies are charged with investigating crimes and arresting individuals alleged to have committed crimes.

Question 3

Courts

Answer 3

The courts are responsible for interpreting and applying the law.

Question 4

Corrections

Answer 4

Functions to protect society from criminals through, housing, monitoring, and other community based programs.

Question 5

Nolle Prosequi

Answer 5

Latin translation “be unwilling to pursue”. Often used by prosecutors to terminate legal proceedings before verdict. Used many times when charges cannot be proven.

Question 6

No Bill

Answer 6

A decision made my a grand jury that indicates that insufficient evidence is present to proceed with the case.

Question 7

Nolo Contendere

Answer 7

A plea made by a defendant in which he or she neither admits nor argues guilt. “No Contest” Plea

Question 8

Intermediate Sentence

Answer 8

Sentence given to a defendant in the form of a range of years to be served. For example; 3-15 years.

Question 9

Victim Advocates

Answer 9

Trained professionals who support crime victims as their cases move through the criminal justice system.

Question 10

Inalienable Rights

Answer 10

Rights that are universal and not contingent on laws or beliefs specific to a particular government or culture.

Question 11

Judicial Activism

Answer 11

Deviation from the literal meaning of the Constitution to take into account the present situation, including complex societal advances.

Question 12

USA PATRIOT Act

Answer 12

The 2001 Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act was signed into law by President George W Bush to strengthen security measures designed to protect the United States from attack.

Question 13

USA Freedom Act

Answer 13

A 2015 law that came into effect the day after the USA PATRIOT Act expired. This act restored many provisions of the PATRIOT Act but limited the collection of telecommunication metadata of citizens by the National Security Agency.

Question 14

Crime

Answer 14

The breaking of a law for which the criminal justice system or some other governing authority prescribes punishment.

Question 15

Street Crime

Answer 15

These crimes are relatively common and serious, involving a victim and offender who come together in space and time.

Question 16

Property Crime

Answer 16

Crime against property. The most common forms of property crime include burglary, property theft (aka larceny), and motor vehicle theft.

Question 17

Victimless Crime

Answer 17

These criminal offenses are thought to not involve victims because they do not directly harm individuals other than the offenders.

Question 18

Cybercrime

Answer 18

A form of illegal activity using a computer or computer networks as the primary method of commission. Examples of cybercrime include network intrusions, dissemination of computer viruses, and phishing.

Question 19

Terrorism

Answer 19

The completed or threatened use of coercion and/or violence against a population of people with the goal of changing political, religious, or ideological positions.

Question 20

Mala in se

Answer 20

One of two types of illegal behavior, Mala in se refers to behavior that is sinful and inherently wrong by nature.

Question 21

Mala prohibita

Answer 21

One of the two types of illegal behavior, Mala prohibita describes behavior prohibited by law. What constitutes mala prohibita is dynamic and has changed over time.

Question 22

Decriminalization

Answer 22

The act of ending or reducing criminal penalties associated with some behaviors.

Question 23

Justifiable homocide

Answer 23

The lawful killing of another person such as when a law enforcement officer or a citizen kills in self-defense or to defend another.

Question 24

Castile doctrine

Answer 24

A legal doctrine that states that homeowners are no longer required to retreat if threatened by intruders. In some states, this extends beyond homes.

Question 25

Adultery

Answer 25

In general, sex with a married person with someone other than his/her spouse; specific laws vary by state, as does the level of criminality associated with it.

Question 26

Rape

Answer 26

A type of violent crime considered mala in se that includes penetration no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with a body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.

Question 27

Crime control perspective

Answer 27

A popular view of the role of the criminal justice system. This perspective states that the goal of the system is to prevent crime by shrewdly and harshly punishing offenders.

Question 28

Rehabilitative perspective

Answer 28

A view that the purpose of the criminal justice system is to rehabilitate offenders.

Question 29

Due process perspective

Answer 29

A perspective that views the role of the criminal justice system to be to ensure that all people accused of crimes are treated fairly and equally in the system.

Question 30

Restorative justice perspective

Answer 30

This perspective indicates that the appropriate role of the criminal justice system is to restore justice as best as possible through repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior.

Question 31

Nonintervention perspective

Answer 31

A view that the appropriate role of the criminal justice system is to be as minimal and nonintrusive as possible.

Question 32

Consensus model

Answer 32

A theoretical view of the criminal justice system that highlights the collaborative nature of the system. The components of the criminal justice system work in unison to create justice.

Question 33

Conflict model

Answer 33

A theoretical view of the criminal justice system that highlights that the adversarial nature of the system. Components of the criminal justice system work in competition to produce fair outcomes, or justices.

Question 34

Framing

Answer 34

The packaging of criminal events in the media into tidy presentations that make sharing the information easy.

Question 35

Faulty criminal justice system frame

Answer 35

Suggests that crime occurs because of a dearth of law and order in the country and the criminals offend because they feel they can get away with it.

Question 36

Blocked opportunities frame

Answer 36

Indicates crime results from a lack of legal options. Offenders live in poverty, are uneducated, unemployed, and discriminated against. This is the reason they commit crime.

Question 37

Social breakdown frame

Answer 37

Indicates that crime is the result of a breakdown in family and community.

Question 38

Racist System Frame

Answer 38

Indicates crime is not the problem but that law enforcement, courts, and corrections are racists agents of oppression.

Question 39

Violent media frame

Answer 39

This frame finds that crime is depicted as a direct result of the violent media present in television, movies, video games, and music.

Question 40

Infotainment

Answer 40

The marketing of a highly edited and distorted combination of entertainment and information purported to be truthful and comprehensive.

Question 41

Narrow-casting

Answer 41

The presentation of a narrow view of information in the media to small homogeneous audiences.

Question 42

Criminology

Answer 42

An academic discipline that investigates the nature, extent, and causes of criminal offending and criminal victimization.