CH 1

Question 1

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 1

The Mind Follows Physical Laws

Question 2

Hedonism

Answer 2

Pursuit of pleasure, avoid pain

Question 3

Rene Descarte

Answer 3

Animals have no freewill - machinelike
Humans have freewill and voluntary behavior
Human body = extension of physical world

Question 4

Reflex Action

Answer 4

for every action of the body, there’s a stimulus that makes it happen

Question 5

Julian De La Mettrie

Answer 5

The body can have an effect on the mind - fevers, wine and coffee can affect your thoughts
Wrote Man a Machine

Question 6

John Locke

Answer 6

Mind is a blank slate (tabula rasa), ready to be filled up by experiences

Question 7

Immanuel Kant

Answer 7

Some things exist in the mind before experience writes on it. The mind has inherent assumptions or ideas

Question 8

Intervening Variable

Answer 8

Something that CAN’T be measured

Ex. anger, fear, curiosity

Question 9

Ivan Sechenov

Answer 9

Wrote book called Reflexes of the Brain

Thoughts are reflexive responses to stimuli

Question 10

Inhibition

Answer 10

a reflex could be bottled up and inhibited waiting to be triggered by a stimulus

Question 11

Charles Darwin

Answer 11

all life evolved through natural selection
the human mind has also evolved
evolution doesn’t create a single line of progress but a rich set of branches on a complex brush

Question 12

Morgan’s Canon (C Lloyd Morgan)

Answer 12

behavior doesn’t have to be explained by a high-level mental process if it can be explained simply

Question 13

Edward Thorndike

Answer 13

studied intelligence of cats using puzzle box. cats learned how to open box slowly but gradually

Question 14

Law of Effect

Answer 14

when a response is followed by satisfaction (food), S-R connection is strengthened. if it’s followed by a discomfort (mild shock), S-R association is weakened.

Question 15

Who studied reflex of digestion

Answer 15

Ivan Pavlov

Question 16

Who said - behavior is something everyone can see, any claim about it can be proven or falsified

Answer 16

John B. Watson

Question 17

Structuralism

Answer 17

analyze structure of the mind

Question 18

Introspection

Answer 18

look into your own mind and describe what you see

Question 19

Radical behaviorism

Answer 19

environmental factors are important to understand behavior

Question 20

Operant Respondent Distinction

Answer 20

respondent behavior is controlled by its antecedents

Question 21

Operational Behaviorism

Answer 21

accepts unobservable events to explain behavior

Question 22

Drive

Answer 22

motivation caused by biological need (hunger, thirst), this is influenced by being deprived of something

Question 23

Habit

Answer 23

learning. influenced by the number of times the behavior had been reinforced

Question 24

Information Processing Approach

Answer 24

thinking is like an input of data

Question 25

Connectionism

Answer 25

cognition is understood as a network of connections between units that look like neurons

Question 26

What topics can’t we study in animals?

Answer 26

Language, tool-use, creativity and self-esteem

Question 27

Classical Conditioning

Answer 27

animals learn to anticipate and deal with upcoming biologically significant events
animal learns about stimuli

Question 28

Operant Conditioning (Instrumental conditioning, response learning)

Answer 28

let’s animal do things that lead to good consequences, and lets them stop doing things that lead to bad consequences
animal learns about behavior

Question 29

S-O Learning

Answer 29

classical conditioning (stimulus learning)

Question 30

R-O Learning

Answer 30

operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning, response learning)