Ch 1 Flashcards
Organized sound; universal element
Music
Group of people that share the same values
Culture
Air to make sound
Aerophones
String instruments
Chordophones
Instrument bodies vibrate (triangle)
Idiophones
Membrane vibrates (drums)
Membranophones
Fitting pitches into spaces between other parts
Interlocking
Drums + percussion; lots at once and lots of variety; many layers of percussion and other instruments
Dense overlapping textures
Long performances with lots of repetition; encourages community participation
Community participation
Repeated melody or rythmatic pattern
Repetition
More than one meter occuring
Polyrhythms
Performed while foundation is playing
Improvisation
Wordsmith
Jali
Professional craftspeople along family lines, have a special life force
Nyamalo
Speaking people all over west Africa; Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Ivory Coast
Mande
Jobs run in family; sula (farmers, merchants, etc)
Hierarchy of specialization
Paramount chief rules; “one ruler” preserved in all social organizations
Political hierarchy
Survival= corporation; usually nomadic or semi-nomadic; hunter gatherers
Egalitarian
Traditional Hunter-gatherer society; music is largely vocal; instruments include whistles, rattles, flutes
Ba Mbuti Pygmies: an egalitarian society
Each person gets one pitch of melody
Hocket
Dense texture of claps, rhythm sticks
Complex rhythms
Solo vs chorus
Call and response
Used to contact ancestral spirits; encourages spiritual possession; spiritual healing
Music and the supernatural
Bontu speaking; family connections paramount; villagers, farmers, craftspeople
The shona people
Influential popular genre; fused with western instruments; elements of jazz (horns, guitar, etc)
High life
Powerful commentary; clear example of high life; contains many general characteristics of African (traditional) music
Zombie
