Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OS > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mainframes

A

“big iron” computers for industries to handle large amount of computations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

workstation

A

a computer connected to others through a network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

kernel

A

the main part of OS

the program that is running at all times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

system programs

A

associated with OS but not necessarily part of it
• after being loaded into memory at boot time, it service provided by program becomes SYSTEM PROCESSES or SYSTEM DAEMONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

middleware

A

included by the OS, is a set of software frameworks that provide additional services usually to mobile operating systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bootstrap program

A

program burned into read-only-memory (ROM or typically firmware) that loads the OS from disk to DRAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

interrupt

A

OS is interrupt driven
• hardware interrupts OS anytime by the way of system bus
• software interrupts are called system calls or monitor calls and will generate a message (trap or exception)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

interrupt vector

A

the array that holds addresses of interrupt services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

STORAGE DEFINITIONS AND NOTATION

A

A kilobyte, or KB, is 1,024 bytes; a megabyte, or MB, is 1,0242 bytes; a gigabyte, or GB, is 1,0243 bytes; a terabyte, or TB, is 1,0244 bytes; and a petabyte, or PB, is 1,0245 bytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RAM

A

random access memory

• any programs to run must be stored here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DMA

A

direct memory access structure
• reduces # of interruptions by 4000x for data transfer (storage to mem)
• 1 interrupt per data block rather than byte OR interrupts only @ beg. and end of transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

flash memory

A

solid-state disk, popular in cameras and personal digital assistants. Flash memory is slower than DRAM but needs no power to retain its contents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

device controller

A

the device controller is responsible for moving the data between the peripheral devices that it controls and its local buffer storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

device driver

A

understands the device controller and provides the rest of the operating system with a uniform interface to the device.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Advantages of multi processor systems

A

Increased throughput
Increased economy of scale (systems can share can share peripherals, mass storage, and power supplies)
Increased reliability
(CAN BE SYMMETRIC OR ASYMMETRIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

graceful degradation

A

service provided is proportional to hardware durability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fault tolerant

A

systems that go beyond graceful degradation

ensures continued operation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Asymmetric multiprocessing

A

cores with different specs
• A processor assigns task (boss)
• The rest are assigned tasks

19
Q

Symmetric multiprocessing

A

homogeneous cores

each processor performs all tasks within the operating system

20
Q

Dual Core Design

A

NUMA - nonuniform memory access (asymmetrical)
• parts of memory may take longer to access than other parts, creating a performance penalty

UMA - uniform memory access (symmetrical)
• access to any RAM from any CPU takes the same amount of time

21
Q

blade servers

A

multiple processor boards, I/O boards, and networking boards are placed in the same chassis and they run in the same OS

22
Q

loosely-coupled

A

clustered systems

23
Q

DLM

A

distributed lock manager

avoids job and data accessing conflicts in cluster systems

24
Q

SAN

A

storage-area network - storage shared by a network of computers

25
Q

multiprogramming

A

an important job of an OS which keeps CPU busy

jobs are picked from the job pool

26
Q

Time sharing

A

“multitasking” CPU executes multiple jobs by switching among them
response time need to be short

27
Q

virtual memory

A

allows for an execution of a process that is not completely in memory

28
Q

modes of operation

A 
The dual mode of operation provides us with the means for protecting the operating system from errant users
user mode (1)
kernel mode (0) executes privileged instructions
29
Q

process

A

and executing program loaded into memory

30
Q

thread

A

if a process has one thread, it can only perform one task at the time

31
Q

OS timer

A

used to stop user programs to get stuck in an infinite loop or to never give control back to the operating system
when the counter reaches 0 an interrupt occurs

32
Q

difference between program, process, and task

A

active passive

33
Q

tertiary storage

A

magnetic tape, CD DVD’s

34
Q

(cache) how is a value incremented

A

value B is copied from disk to memory. it then is copied to cache and a register. once value is incremented in register it may be stored in the disk

35
Q

bitmap

A

A bitmap is a string of n binary digits that can be used to represent the status of n items.

36
Q

response time

A

time difference between the start and completion of a task

37
Q

bandwidth or throughput

A

the total amount of work done in a given time

38
Q

Distributed Systems

A

PLWM
Personal Area Network - several feet (headset and phone)
Local - connects computer within a room
Wide - links building, cities or countries
Metropolitan - links buildings

39
Q

trap

A

software generated interrupt caused by error of user request

40
Q

disk

A

a storage structure divided into tracks which are subdivided into sectors

41
Q

Single-threaded processes have one program counter, multi-threaded processes have one PC per thread

A

Single-threaded processes have one program counter, multi-threaded processes have one PC per thread

42
Q

temporal locality

A

if data will be used often, then store to cache

43
Q

spacial locality

A

to reduce cache misses, load neighboring data into cache. like in case of arrays

OS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions