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Anatomy And Physiology For SLP > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the structure of an organism

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of an organism

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3
Q

Clinical/applied anatomy

A

Application of anatomical study for the diagnosis of disease, particularly as it relates to surgical procedures

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4
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Descriptive anatomy, involving the description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease conditions

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5
Q

Osteology

A

Study of the form and function of bones

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6
Q

Anatomical position

A

Body is erect and the palms, arms, and hands face forward

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7
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Head and the trunk with the spinal column being the axis

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8
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Includes the lower and upper limbs

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9
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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10
Q

Myology

A

Examines muscle form and function

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11
Q

Arthrology

A

Study of the joint system for bones

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12
Q

Neurology

A

Study of diseases of the nervous system

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13
Q

Teratogen

A

Anything causing teratogenesis, the development of a severely malformed fetus

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14
Q

Frontal/coronal plane

A

Front and back portions of a body

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15
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Left and right halves of the body cut along the median plane

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16
Q

Sagittal/median plane

A

Cut that is parallel to the median plane and divides the body into left and right portions

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17
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into upper and lower portions

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18
Q

Anterior/ventral plane

A

Front surface of a body

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19
Q

Posterior/dorsal plane

A

Toward the back

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20
Q

Rostral/anterior

A

Toward the head

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21
Q

Causal/posterior

A

Lower part of the body

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22
Q

Superficial

A

On or near the surface

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23
Q

Deep

A

Further from the surface

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24
Q

Distal

A

Away from the midline

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25
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the root or attachment point of the structure

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26
Q

Superior

A

Above, farther from the ground

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27
Q

Inferior

A

Below, closer to the ground

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28
Q

Prone

A

On the belly

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29
Q

Supine

A

On the back

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30
Q

Lateral

A

Related to the side

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31
Q

Medial

A

Toward the median plane

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32
Q

Flexion

A

Bending at a joint, usually toward the ventral surface

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33
Q

Extension

A

Opposite of flexion, act of pulling two end father apart

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34
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

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35
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of the hand

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36
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

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37
Q

Unilateral

A

One side affected

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38
Q

Tissue

A

4 types-epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

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39
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Superficial (outer) layer of mucous membrane and the cells constituting the skin, as well as the linings of major body cavities and all of the “tubes” that pass into, out of, and through the body; hallmark is its shortage of intercellular material; serves as a barrier to prevent or permit substances to pass to the structures being contained by them

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40
Q

Connective tissue

A

Specialized for purpose of support and protection; matrix is the defining property and it’s composed predominately of it; can be solid, liquid, or gel-like

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41
Q

Matrix

A

A material that holds or constrains another material; intercellular material

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42
Q

Cartilage

A

Has unique properties of strength and elasticity

43
Q

Tensile strength

A

Keeps the fibers from being easily separated when pulled

44
Q

Compressive strength

A

Retains its form by being resistant to crushing compressing forces

45
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Smooth and has a glassy blue cast; provides and,path ,aging surface for the articulating surfaces of bones as in the cartilaginous portion of the rib cage constituting the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passageway

46
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Contains collagenous fibers that provide the cushion between the vertebrae of the spinal column as well as the material surface for the temporomandibular joint between the lower jaw and the skull

47
Q

Yellow/elastic cartilage

A

Cartilaginous connective tissue that has reduced collagen and increased numbers of elastic fibers; found in the pinna, nose, and epiglottis

48
Q

Compact bone

A

Characterized by microscopically by its lamellar or sheet-like structure

49
Q

Spongy bone

A

Bone that appears porous and contains marrow that produces red and white blood cells

50
Q

Abduct

A

Move away from midline

51
Q

Adduct

A

Move toward midline

52
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Has specialized contractile tissue; capable of being stimulated to contract; 3 types-striated, smooth, and cardiac

53
Q

Voluntary muscle

A

Somatic muscle; can be moved in response to conscious, voluntary processes

54
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

Autonomic muscle; self-regulating muscles; portion of the nervous system controlling involuntary bodily functions

55
Q

Striated muscle

A

Also called skeletal muscle because it is the muscle used to move skeletal structures; striped in appearance

56
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Muscle found in the viscera, including digestive tract and blood vessels; generally sheet-like with spindle-shaped cells

57
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Muscle of the heart; composed of cells that interconnect in a met-like fashion

58
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Self regulating involuntary movement

59
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Highly specialized communicative tissue consisting of neurons or nerve cells; function is to transmit info from one neuron to another, from neurons to muscles, or from sensory receptors to other neural structures

60
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell tissue whose function is to transmit info from one neuron to another, from neurons to muscles, or from sensory receptors still other neural structures

61
Q

Organs

A

Tissue of the body with a functional unit by which the tissues of the organ all serve the same general purpose (such as the heart or lungs)

62
Q

Fascia

A

Sheet-like membrane that may be either dense or nearly transparent, thick or thin that surrounds the organs

63
Q

Perimysium

A

Fascia sufficiently thick that the muscle cannot be seen clearly through it; packing material around organs, peripheral nerves, and blood vessels providing physical isolation and stability

64
Q

Ligaments

A

Connective tissue that binds bone to bone

65
Q

Tendons

A

Attach muscle to bone or cartilage

66
Q

Morphology

A

Study of the form

67
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Sheet-like tendon; resembles fascia but much denser

68
Q

Articulation

A

The point of union between two structures

69
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Condition wherein the bone becomes increasingly porous due to loss of calcium

70
Q

Joints

A

Union of bones with other bones or cartilage with other cartilage

71
Q

Diarthrodial joints/ synovial joints

A

High mobility joints; Joints containing synovial fluid within a joint space and the fluid acts like a cushion

72
Q

Synarthrodial joint/ fibrous joint

A

No mobility; joints connected by fibrous tissue

73
Q

Amphiarthrodial joint/ cartilaginous joints

A

Limited mobility; Cartilage serves between the two bones

74
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Joints bound by fibrous ligaments but have little movement

75
Q

Sutures

A

Joints between bones of the skull that are not intended to move at all

76
Q

Gomphosis

A

Hole in peg arrangement suture, type of fibrous joint; ex tooth in socket

77
Q

Symphysis

A

Cartilaginous joint, found between the pubic bones or between disks of the vertebral column

78
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricating substance within a synovial joint

79
Q

Epimysium

A

Fascia of connective tissue that surrounds the muscles

80
Q

Muscle origin

A

Point of attachment of the least mobile element

81
Q

Muscle insertion

A

Point of attachment that moves as a result of muscle contraction

82
Q

Agonist

A

Muscles that move a structure

83
Q

Antagonists

A

Muscles that oppose a given movement

84
Q

Synergist/fixator

A

Muscles that stabilize structures

85
Q

Innervate

A

Supplied by a single nerve, process of stimulating a muscle or gland or receiving output from a body sensor

86
Q

Efferent

A

Excitatory

87
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory

88
Q

Motor unit

A

One efferent nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attaches/innervates

89
Q

Systems

A

Groups of organs with a functional unity

90
Q

Muscular system

A

Includes smooth, striated, and cardiac

91
Q

Skeletal system

A

Includes bone and cartilages that form the structure of the body

92
Q

Respiratory system

A

Includes the passageways and tissues involved in gas exchange with the environment including the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities; the trachea and bronchial passageway; and the lungs

93
Q

Digestive system

A

Includes the oral cavity and the pharynx in addition to the esophagus, liver, intestines, and associated glands

94
Q

Nervous system

A

Includes the nerve tissue and structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems that are responsible for muscle control and sensory function

95
Q

Phonatory system

A

Involved in the production of voiced sounds and utilizes a significant protective component of the respiratory system (the larynx)

96
Q

Articulatory system

A

The combo of structures that are used to alter the characteristics of the sounds of speech, including parts of the anatomical,h defined dishes rice and respiratory systems (the tongue, lips, teeth, soft palate, etc)

97
Q

Resonatory system

A

Includes the nasal cavity and soft palate and portions of the anatomical,h defined respiratory and digestive systems

98
Q

Central nervous system

A

Portion of the nervous system comprised of the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, brain stem, and spinal cord

99
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Portion of the nervous system including the peripheral body

100
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system components arising from the brain stem that innervate primarily the structures associated with speech and hearing

101
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

The highest integrating system of the nervous system responsible for conscious thought and voluntary action

102
Q

Brain stem

A

The subcortical region including the medulla, pins, and midbrain

103
Q

Cerebellum

A

Responsible of integrating all body sense with the motor plan so that what we do is planned appropriately for the context of our body condition

Anatomy And Physiology For SLP (3 decks)

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