Ch. 1

Question 1

What is educational psychology?

Answer 1

Study of development, learning, motivation, teaching, and assessment in and out of school

Question 2

Teacher’s sense of efficacy?

Answer 2

They could reach even the most difficult students to help them learn. It’s also one of the fewest personal characteristics of teachers that predict student achievement.

Question 3

Ms. Ethel works very hard and persist hard in teaching Joy who is struggling in class. What is she displaying?

Answer 3

The teacher’s sense of efficacy - she believes in Joy.

Question 4

The three stories of the teachers in the beginning of the chapters displayed what qualities as educators?

Answer 4

They adapted to instruction and assessments to students’ needs, took care of emotional needs, propped sagging self-esteem, and encouraged responsibility. They are also Reflective -thinking back to situations to re-analyze what they did and how to improve learning for students.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an educational setting?

a) a coach and her soccer team
b) professor at arts college
c) mom teaching child to fix car
d) all the above

Answer 5

All of the above - education setting is not limited to classroom

Question 6

Q: given only the info below, why is this student is most likely to succeed academically?

D. Stephanie, a latino student, who lives in an upper-class neighborhood

Answer 6

A: We are being tested on our understanding of how race and SES predicts academic achievement. SES is a more powerful predictor than race.

Question 7

A psychologist uses current research through MRIs to examine brain’s response to types of cognitive and behavioral training to inform of what’s going on with children, especially for special and mental needs services. They also consult with schools of their findings.

What type of psychologist is this?

Answer 7

Educational Psychologists – Conduct RESEARCH on teaching and learning, not as applied to jobs

Question 8

Mr. Handel works with special population, such as special needs students or “at risk for failure” children and adolescents who have been diagnosed by the school. On the side, he also assesses and evaluates cognitive abilities (learning disabilities or gifted students).

What type of psychologist is he?

Answer 8

School psychologist.

Question 9

Dr. Neemball designs and implements special intervention for individualized education plan (IEP) to train parents, teachers, and administrator.

What type of psychologist is he?

Answer 9

He is a school psychologist.

Question 10

Dr. Chowchow designs individualized education plans such for specific populations to create an effective learning environment.

What type of psychologist is she?

Answer 10

School psychologist.

Question 11

Mr. Green conducts research of children’s brain activity during learning, while Ms. Blue applies and implements educational plans to students.

What type of psychologists are they?

Answer 11

Mr. Green - Educational Psych

Ms. Blue - School Psych

Question 12

Mrs. A sets high goals for herself and her students but she is also reasonable with expectations for herself and students. What is her teaching style a predictor of?

Answer 12

Mrs. A practices teacher efficacy and her style is a predictor of success in the classroom

Question 13

What makes an effective teacher?

Top 5 characteristics from studies of effective teachers

Answer 13

1. Exhibit subject matter competence:
   >They know what they’re talking about
   >Going beyond presentation – being able to link the material to other materials and responding to questions, examples; etc.
2. Implement appropriate instructional strategies
   >Are the strategies age-appropriate, or developmentally appropriate?
3. Set high goals for themselves and students
   >Reasonable – teachers expectations for themselves and students are important predictors for success
4. Manage classrooms effectively
   >Operant conditioning,
   Mr. Idzig for example may not have engaged the others in the back effectively..
5. Work effectively with students from culturally diverse backgrounds
   >How well are the teachers engaging the diverse backgrounds?
   Infusing diversity into the curriculum – schools are not very effective in doing this.

Question 14

Mrs. A often engages newly immigrated Korean students in her teachings. She begins the first half of the year by involving Korean speech, then brings in English - by the end of the year, the students are competent enough in English to move forward. How did she demonstrate efficacy in teaching?

Answer 14

Mrs. A was able to work effectively with students from culturally diverse backgrounds. She infused diversity iNTO the curriculum.

Question 15

What’s the purpose of experimental designs?

How do we conduct experimental designs?

Answer 15

To examine the cause & effect of relationships

We conduct random assignment to the groups.

> Then for Experimental group, we Manipulate the IV or the variable we think causes something to happen to something else

> Then we measure the Dependent variable – The outcome variable

Question 16

True of false: We CAN conclude a cause and effect with an experimental research design because of Random Assignment.

Explain why or why not.

Answer 16

True.

Random Assignment allows us to infer causal relationships without a third variable.

The purpose of random assignment – partial out other factors (third variables) because of the equal chance of being in each group.

Question 17

If doctors want to know whether a medication causes patients to be cured, what type of “random” do they have to do?

Answer 17

They will do a random assignment study in which the experimental group gets the medication and the control group does not.

Both groups are equal in that, the only thing manipulated or changed is the experimental group within the IV.

Question 18

Males and females would be randomly _______ to rule out gender.

Answer 18

Randomly assigned

Question 19

A educational psychologist conducted research and drew 100 clients from a population list of 1000 current clients of the organization. What kind of “random…” did they do here?

Answer 19

They drew a random sample of 100 clients from a population list of 1000 current clients of the organization. That is random sampling.

Question 20

A educational psychologist conducted research and threw 50 of clients to get some new additional treatment and the other 50 to be controls - what type of “random..” is this?

Answer 20

Random assignment - they randomly assigned the clients from the generalized pool to either conditions (experimental vs. control).

Question 21

Dr. Kitty chooses a national database to conduct a correlational survey research - what type of “random” does she need to do to get a picture of the general population?

Answer 21

Random sampling - she will see a picture of the general population if she conducts random sampling.

Question 22

Which of the following describes a correlation (relationship between variables)

B. Children with high self-esteem are more likely to have parents who use harsh punishment

D. Parents who use harsh punishment are more likely to have children with low self- esteem

Answer 22

B. Children with high self-esteem are more likely to have parents who use harsh punishment

> As one increases, so does the other (real research says it’s a negative relationship)

D. Parents who use harsh punishment are more likely to have children with low self- esteem

> Distractor

We got rid of A and C because it had the word cause, or anything that “leads to” or “increases”…

Question 23

What are synonyms to the word “cause?”

Answer 23

increases; leads to

Question 24

What type of correlation are the following:

cars that are heavier tend to get less miles per gallon of gas.

people who miss more days of school tend to have lower GPAs.

The more that people are vaccinated for a specific illness, the less that illness occurs.

Answer 24

Negative correlation

Question 25

Define Perfect correlation.

If there is a perfect correlation, can we conclude a cause and effect?.

Answer 25

Perfect correlation (1 or -1)– every case, every time, A increases and B increases, or A increases and B decreases.

> Still can’t determine causality because we don’t know what’s causing what

Question 26

If we had to make a guess, what type of correlation would the following be? (strong or weak)

Time spent studying and exam scores

Answer 26

Weaker correlation due to individual variability

Question 27

Consider the following negative correlation:

As harsh punishment
increases,children’s self-esteem decreases.

What are some possible explanations to this?

Answer 27

Possible explanations:

Harsh punishment causes children’s lack of self-esteem or
Children’s lack of self-esteem causes harsh punishment

We look at how the Third Variable independently cause A and cause B:

divorce, poverty, and SES causes self-esteem issues in children and also harsh punishment?

Question 28

What are some things in regards to implications of methodology of research that we learn from the “brights and dull” rat’s experiments?

Answer 28

1. Operational Definition matters - Since the experimenter may have bred characteristics that he interpreted it as intelligence
2. Methodology - controlled lab environment; subjectivity and bias of researcher… bias about what intelligence is skews the results and influences it.
3. Teaching in general – He created “brights and dulls” based on his definition
   >Teachers pick the brights and dulls depending what they believe intelligence should look like.

We can keep in mind: How do I create the brights and dulls in my life, based on my own pre-existing belief of what intelligent behavior looks like?

Question 29

Provide an example of issues with methodology in the lab. Use the “dulls and brights” experiment as example.

Answer 29

Researcher’s bias of what intelligence means could skew the results.

Question 30

A student in a class appear to do very well with material - the teacher decides this student is very intelligent and continues to encourage her while not paying as much attention to the rest of the students. What is he doing wrong?

Answer 30

She has created a bias by defining in himself what intelligence is - so the other student’s are ignored and can’t benefit.

Question 31

Educational psychology is the study of:

Answer 31

1. how humans learn in educational settings
2. the effectiveness of educational
3. interventions
   the psychology of teaching
4. the social psychology of schools as organizations

Question 32

What is the main differences between School and Educational psychologists?

Answer 32

Educational psychologists conduct RESEARCH on teaching and learning; not as applied as School psychologists.

Question 33

The quality of a teacher can predict children’s behavior up to what grade?

Answer 33

up to 8th grade.

Question 34

What type of results do we get from qualitative and quantitative research?

Answer 34

Qualitative, we get details of things that happen in few situations and Quantitive something we can use to see what generally happens