Ch 1

Question 1

Applied research

Answer 1

Applied research is conducted to address issues in which there are practical problems and potential solutions

Question 2

Authority

Answer 2

Aristotle would argue that we are more likely to be persuaded by a speaker who seems prestigious trustworthy and respectable then buy one who appears to lack such qualities

Question 3

Basic research

Answer 3

Basic research tries to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior studies are often designed to address theoretical issues concerning phenomena such as cognition emotion motivation learning neuropsychological personality development and social behavior

Question 4

Covariation of cause and effect

Answer 4

When the causes present the effect occurs when the cause is not present if that does not occur

Question 5

Empiricism

Answer 5

The idea of that knowledge is based on observation

Question 6

Falsifiability

Answer 6

Good scientific ideas are testable they can be supported or they can be falsified by data

Question 7

Goals of behavioral science

Answer 7

1. to describe behavior 2.to predict behavior 3. to determine the causes of behavior 4. to understand or explain behavior

Question 8

Intuition

Answer 8

When you rely on intuition your accept unquestionably what your own personal judgment or a single story about one person experiences tell you the intuitive approach takes many forms often involves finding a explanation for your own behaviors or for the behaviors of others

Question 9

Peer review

Answer 9

Before a study is published in a top-quality scientific journal other scientist who have expertise to carefully evaluate the research review it

Question 10

Program evaluation

Answer 10

Assesses the social reform and innovation that occur in government education and the criminal justice system industry healthcare and mental health institutions

Question 11

Pseudoscience

Answer 11

Big science in which seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations are used to substantiate claims that have no basis of scientific research

Question 12

Skepticism

Answer 12

Scientific skepticism means that ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations

Question 13

Temporal precedence

Answer 13

There is a temporal order of events in which the cause precedes the effect this is called temporal precedence thus we need to know that television viewing occurred first and aggression followed

Question 14

Alternative explanation

Answer 14

Nothing other than a casual variable could be responsible for the observed that this is called elimination of alternative explanation there should be no other possible alternative explanation for the relationship