Ch 1-4

Question 1

What is a Gilia

Answer 1

A cell in the nervous system that supports the activities of neurons.

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

A cell of the nervous system that specializes in information processing and communication

Question 3

Macrogilia

Answer 3

Large glial cells including astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells.

Question 4

Microglia

Answer 4

Tiny, mobile glia cells migrate to areas of damage and digest debris.

Question 5

Astrocytes

Answer 5

A large-shaped gilia cell of the central nervous system, responsible for structural support, isolation of the synapse, control of the extracellular chemical environment at the synapse, and possibly communication. located in CNS

Question 6

ependymal cells

Answer 6

Glial cells lining the ventricle and the central canal of the spinal cord. located in the lining of the ventricles central canal of the spinal cord.

Question 7

oligodendrocytes

Answer 7

a glial cell forms the myeline on the central nervous system axons.

Question 8

Schwann cell

Answer 8

a glial cell that forms the myelin of the axiom in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 9

synapse

Answer 9

the junction between two neurons, at which information is transferred from one to another.

Question 10

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 10

an impertinent to the transfer of molecules from the circulation into the brain formed by the astrocytes.

Question 11

Form follows function

Answer 11

Frank Loyd, the nervous system has been shaped by the course of evolution

Question 12

FOUR TYPES OF MACROGLIA

Answer 12

Astrocytes, Epedemymal cells, oligodendrocytes and Shwann cells.

Question 13

Astrocytes - TWO TYPES- a most common type of glial cell.

Answer 13

Protoplasm- fine branches found in grey matter, and Fibrous Astrocytes- long fibers found in white matter.

they provide the structural matrix for the neuron.

Question 14

Organelle

Answer 14

a small thin cell that carries out a specific function

Question 15

A negatively charged ion has-

Answer 15

more electrons than protons, whereas a positively charged ion, has fewer electrons than protons.

Question 16

Extracellular fluid is-

Answer 16

like sea water

Question 17

intracellular fluid-

Answer 17

of the resting neuron contains large numbers of potassium ions, in addition, within the intracellular fluid there are some large proteins in ion form that are negatively charged.

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

The force that moves molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Question 19

Concentration gradient

Answer 19

an unequal distribution in the concentration of molecules across a cell membrane.

Question 20

electrical pressure

Answer 20

the force that moves molecules like electrical charges apart and molecules with opposite electrical charges together.

Question 21

depolarization

Answer 21

A change in membrane potential in a more positive direction.

Question 22

threshold

Answer 22

the level of depolarization at which an action potential is initiated.

Question 23

hyperpolarization

Answer 23

a change in membrane potential in a more negative direction

Question 24

Absolute refractory period

Answer 24

the period following an action potential will not occur in a particular location of an axon regardless of input.

Question 25

relative refractory period

Answer 25

the period following an action potential in which larger than usual input will produce a second action potential in which normal input will be insufficient.

Question 26

Typical human myelinated fibers can conduct action potentials at about-

Answer 26

268 miles per hour.

Question 27

Resting potential

Answer 27

inactive segments of axons> equilibrium between diffusion and electric static pressure exists for K+ and CL-> Na+ is actively prevented from entering the neuron

Question 28

Action potential - HOW?

Answer 28

begins at the initial segment and propagates down the length of the axon > Depolarization to the threshold triggers the opening of Na+ channels> entering Na+ ions make voltage inside neurons more positive>opening k+ channels near the peak of action potential allows K+ to leave the neuron > less of K+ returns neuron to the resting potential.

Question 29

Neurochemicals fall into three categories-

Answer 29

Neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. they engage in wiring and volume transmission.

Question 30

neuromodulators

Answer 30

influence more global functions, including attention and assessments of threats, saliency, novelty, and reward. Released from varicosities located along thin unmyelinated axons rather from axon terminal along with a classic neurotransmitter.

Question 31

synapses have two types

Answer 31

chemical and electrical

Question 32

Small molecules

Answer 32

one of a group of neurochemicals that include amino acids and amines. typical synthesized in the axiom terminal.

Question 33

neuropeptides

Answer 33

a peptide that acts as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulation, and a neurohormone. chains of amino acid.

Question 34

amino acid

Answer 34

an essential component of proteins.