CH 1-4 Flashcards
What percentage of accidents are the result of human error?
75%
What are three pilot qualities
Knowledge
Skill
Ability
List the 8 ICAO competencies
Communication, Decision Making, Workload Management, Aircraft FP Management Manual, Aircraft FP Management Automatic, Leadership, Application of Procedures, Situational Awareness
Introduced in 1975, what has been attributed to a reduction in hull losses
GPWS
What is homeostasis
The regulation of the body’s internal environment
Is the nervous system electrical, chemical, or electrochemical?
Electrochemical
What do the PNS and CNS do?
PNS relays information from our sensory receptors. CNS analyses and monitors PNS.
What is the absolute threshold?
Point at which a receptor acts towards a stimulus
What deals with bodily functions such a breathing, blinking, digestion etc?
Autonomic Nervous System
What does Boyle’s Law state?
Volume is directly proportional to pressure
What does Charles’ Law State?
Volume is directly proportional to temperature
What does Gay-Lussac’s Law state?
Temperature is directly proportional to pressure
Which law states total pressure is the sum of its partial pressures?
Dalton’s Law
What does Henry’s Law State?
Amount of gas dissolved in liquid is directly proportional to pressure
What is density at MSL?
1225gm^3
What are the ratios of atmospheric partial pressure?
8,000 = 3/4 18,000 = 1/2 36,000 = 1/4
What is the partial pressure of blood and water at 12,000feet
Blood = 55mmHg Water = 47mmHg
What are the levels of blood saturation at different altitudes
MSL = 97.5%
10,000 feet = 87%
20,000 feet = 67%
At what altitude is 100% oxygen required in a non-pressurised cabin?
33,700feet to 40,000feet to keep body at 10,000 feet
What is the lungs average tidal volume?
500ml
What is the inspiratory reserve volume?
3100ml
What is the functional residual capacity?
The combination of residual volume and expiratory reserve capacity
What happens to blood during hyperventilation?
Less oxygen, more alkali
What controls rate of breathing?
Amount of carbonic acid
What altitude does the 4th stage of hypoxia happen?
20-23,000 feet (death)
What are the symptoms of hypoxia?
Tingling, Euphoria, cyanosis, increased heart rate, reduced fine motor skills, reduced mental capacity, sweating, increased breathing, dry cough
What is the time of useful consciousness at 40,000feet
15-20 seconds (halved if smoker)
How do you treat hypoxia?
100% oxygen, descend below 10,000feet (ATC clearance)
What causes decompression sickness?
Nitrogen dissolved into blood under high pressure bubbles up when going to low pressure i.e. Climbing in aircraft
