Ch 1-4,6 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Atoms form ________ charged atoms when they gain electrons
Negatively
Formed by the sting attractive forces between positive and negative ions
Ionic bonds
Formed when atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to acquire an octet of 8 valence electrons
Chemical bonds
Occurs when the atoms of one element lose valence electrons and the atoms of another element gain electrons
Ionic bonds
Occur when monuments atoms share electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement
Covalent bonds
Group 1, 2, 3 on periodic table
Metals
Have low ionization energies
Readily lose one or more of their valence electrons to form ions with a positive charge
Lose electrons until they have the same number of valence electrons as the nearest noble has, usually 8 valence electrons
Metals
Group 5,6,7
Non metals
Have high ionization energies
Readily gain one or more valence electrons to form ions with a negative charge in ionic compounds
Gain electrons until they have the same number of valence electrons as the nearest noble gas, usually 8 valence electrons
Non metals
Calcium and chlorine
Identify each as a metal or nonmetal
State number of valence electrons
Calcium: metal
Chlorine: nonmetal
Calcium: 2 valence electrons
Chlorine: 7 valence electrons
Calcium and chlorine
State number of electrons that must be lost or gained for each to acquire octet
Wrote symbol including ionic charge and name resulting ion
Calcium: lost 2 electrons to acquire octet
Chlorine: gain 1 electron to acquire octet
Ca2+ : calcium
Cl-: chloride
Consists of positive and negative charges held together by the strong electrical attractions between oppositely charged ions
Ionic compounds
Consist of positive and negative ions
Have ionic bonds between positively and negatively charged ions
Have high melting points
Solid at room temperature
Ionic compounds
Represents the symbols and subscripts in the lowest whole number ratio of the atoms or ions
Chemical formula
Atom form ______ charged ions when they lose electrons
Positively
Substance that has the same composition and properties wherever it is found
Chemical
The study of the composition, structure, properties and reactions of matter
Chemistry
An explanation of an observation that had been validated by repeated experiments that support a hypothesis
Conclusion
Procedure that tests the validity of a hypotheses
Experiment
Unverified explanation of a natural phenomenon
Hypothesis
Information determined by noting and recording a natural phenomenon
Observation
Process of making observations proposing a hypothesis testing the hypothesis and making a conclusion as the validity of the hypothesis
Scientific method
A form of writing large and small numbers using a coefficient that is at least 1 but less than 10 followed by a power of 10
Scientific notation
SI units Mass Length Temperature Volume Time
Mass: kg Length: m Temperature: K Volume: cubic meter m3 Time: s
