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Bio 141 - AWAD > Ch. 1+4 > Flashcards

Ch. 1+4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A cell is

A

The basic structural unit of plants and animals

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2
Q

An organ is

A

A structure composed of several tissue types

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3
Q

Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of

A

Responsiveness

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4
Q

An increase in the number of cells is

A

Growth

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5
Q

An example of homeostasis is

A

Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to decrease

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6
Q

What set of directional terms are opposite

A

Distal and proximal

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7
Q

Dorsal means

A

Toward the back of the body

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8
Q

“Away from the midline of the body” is

A

Lateral

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9
Q

The thumb is________to the fifth digit (pinky)

A

Lateral

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10
Q

The shoulder is ______ to the elbow

A

Proximal

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11
Q

“Toward the attached end of a limb” is what directional term

A

Proximal

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12
Q

Inferior is

A

towards the tail

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13
Q

What plane divides the body into equal right and left halves

A

Median

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14
Q

What abdominal region contains the appendix

A

Right iliac

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15
Q

Epigastric region contains

A

Liver, stomach, + large intestine

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16
Q

Coronal plane=

A

Cutting off your nose

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17
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of liver membrane lining

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18
Q

What organ is retroperitoreal in location

A

Kidney

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19
Q

The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by what serous membrane

A

Parietal peritoneum

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20
Q

An organisms ability to use energy to swim is

A

Metabolism

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21
Q

What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, son balance, and water balance

A

Urinary

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22
Q

An organism changes thru time is

A

Development

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23
Q

The definition of homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

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24
Q

What cavity lines the lungs

A

Pleural

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25
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head

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26
Q

RUQ organs

A

Liver, *pancreas, gallbladder, duodenum, transverse colon, right kidney, and adrenal gland

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27
Q

LUQ organs

A

Liver, stomach, *Spleen, pancreas, transverse colon, left adrenal gland, + left kidney

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28
Q

RLQ organs

A

Small intestine, appendix, urinary bladder, right ovary

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29
Q

LLQ organs

A

Small intestine, bladder, ureter left left ovary + uterine tube

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30
Q

Organs within peritoneal cavity

A

Intraperitoneal - liver, spleen, most of small intestine, stomach, part of pancreas

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31
Q

Retroperitoneal organs (posterior to the peritoneal cavity)

A

Kidney, adrenal glands, sex organs, bladder, + parts of the colon+pancreas

32
Q

CNS organ

A

Brain, spinal cord

33
Q

CVS (cardiovascular) organs

A

heart, arteries

34
Q

Respiratory system organs

A
  • Lungs *, nasal cavity, trachea, nose, pharynx, larynx
35
Q

Digestive system organs

A
  • Liver * stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, L. & S. Intestines, esophagus, salivary glands, mouth
36
Q

CVS function

A

Pumps + delivers oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues
Removes waste from tissues
Transports cells, nutrients, + other subs.

37
Q

Respiratory system function

A

Delivers oxygen to blood
Removes CO2 from body
Maintains acid-base balance of blood

38
Q

Digestive system function

A

Digests food
Absorbs nutrients to blood
Maintains fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

39
Q

Urinary system organs

A

kidneys ureters, urethra, bladder

40
Q

Endocrine system organs

A

Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands
Hypothalamus
Pancreas
Ovaries/testes

41
Q

Endocrine system functions

A

Regulates body functions
Regulates functions of muscles, glands, and other tissues thru secretion of HORMONES

42
Q

Lymphatic system organs

A
  • Spleen*, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
43
Q

Lymphatic system functions

A

Returns excess tissue fluid to the CVS
Provides immunity

44
Q

What is the master gland

A

Pituitary (in brain)- controls all glands

45
Q

Biggest lymphatic organ

A

Spleen

46
Q

Smallest bone in ear

A

Stapes ( 3)

47
Q

Longest bone

A

Femur

48
Q

Most important bone

A

Skull (brainstem)

49
Q

Most important muscle

A

Cardiac

50
Q

Adrenal gland location

A

Abdomen

51
Q

White blood cells provide

A

Immunity

52
Q

Red blood cells provide

A

Oxygen

Food/light / life

53
Q

Skeletal system functions

A

*Produces blood cells
Supports the body
Stores calcium salts
Leverage for movement
Protects internal organs

54
Q

Skeletal system organs

A

Bones and joints

55
Q

What is the most common abundant blood cell

A

Red blood cells

56
Q

What is the strongest muscle

A

Quadriceps-skeletal

57
Q

Simple squamous epithelium location

A

Lungs
Vertebral body cavities and blood vessels
Parts of kidney

58
Q

Simple squamous function

A

Barrier for gas and fluid exchange
Produces serous fluid

59
Q

Simple cuboidal location

A

Kidney tubules
Thyroid, salivary, and mammary glands
Lower respiratory passages

60
Q

Simple cuboidal function

A

Absorption
Secretion of mucus + other subs

61
Q

Simple columnar location

A

Digestive tract from stomach to anus
Gallbladder
Uterine tube
some kidney tubules

62
Q

Simple columnar function

A

Absorption
Secretion of mucus + other subs

63
Q

Pseudostratified columnar location

A

Nasal cavity
Parts of male urethra
Upper respiratory passages

64
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous location

A

Epidermis

65
Q

NONkeratinized stratified squamous location

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Superior larynx
Esophagus
Vagina
Anal canal

66
Q

Stratified cuboidal location

A

Sweat gland ducts

67
Q

Stratified cuboidal function

A

Some absorption & secretion

68
Q

Stratified columnar location

A

Ducts of certain glands
Conjunctiva
Parts of male urethra

69
Q

Stratified columnar function

A

Protection
Some absorption + secretion

70
Q

Transitional epithelium location

A

Urinary bladder

71
Q

Simplest to most complex structural organization level of the human body

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

72
Q

Dense regular collagenous CT

A

Tendons and ligaments

73
Q

Columnar epithelia is always related to

A

Secretion

74
Q

Goblet cells are known for

A

Secreting mucus

75
Q

What is the most abundant cell

A

Fibroblast

76
Q

Respiratory system, digestive system, and the reproductive system are all related to __________ because they must be lubricated

A

Goblet cells

Bio 141 - AWAD (3 decks)

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