Ch. 1+4 Flashcards
A cell is
The basic structural unit of plants and animals
An organ is
A structure composed of several tissue types
Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of
Responsiveness
An increase in the number of cells is
Growth
An example of homeostasis is
Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to decrease
What set of directional terms are opposite
Distal and proximal
Dorsal means
Toward the back of the body
“Away from the midline of the body” is
Lateral
The thumb is________to the fifth digit (pinky)
Lateral
The shoulder is ______ to the elbow
Proximal
“Toward the attached end of a limb” is what directional term
Proximal
Inferior is
towards the tail
What plane divides the body into equal right and left halves
Median
What abdominal region contains the appendix
Right iliac
Epigastric region contains
Liver, stomach, + large intestine
Coronal plane=
Cutting off your nose
Peritonitis
Inflammation of liver membrane lining
What organ is retroperitoreal in location
Kidney
The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by what serous membrane
Parietal peritoneum
An organisms ability to use energy to swim is
Metabolism
What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, son balance, and water balance
Urinary
An organism changes thru time is
Development
The definition of homeostasis
Maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body
What cavity lines the lungs
Pleural
Superior
Towards the head
RUQ organs
Liver, *pancreas, gallbladder, duodenum, transverse colon, right kidney, and adrenal gland
LUQ organs
Liver, stomach, *Spleen, pancreas, transverse colon, left adrenal gland, + left kidney
RLQ organs
Small intestine, appendix, urinary bladder, right ovary
LLQ organs
Small intestine, bladder, ureter left left ovary + uterine tube
Organs within peritoneal cavity
Intraperitoneal - liver, spleen, most of small intestine, stomach, part of pancreas
Retroperitoneal organs (posterior to the peritoneal cavity)
Kidney, adrenal glands, sex organs, bladder, + parts of the colon+pancreas
CNS organ
Brain, spinal cord
CVS (cardiovascular) organs
heart, arteries
Respiratory system organs
- Lungs *, nasal cavity, trachea, nose, pharynx, larynx
Digestive system organs
- Liver * stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, L. & S. Intestines, esophagus, salivary glands, mouth
CVS function
Pumps + delivers oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues
Removes waste from tissues
Transports cells, nutrients, + other subs.
Respiratory system function
Delivers oxygen to blood
Removes CO2 from body
Maintains acid-base balance of blood
Digestive system function
Digests food
Absorbs nutrients to blood
Maintains fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
Urinary system organs
kidneys ureters, urethra, bladder
Endocrine system organs
Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands
Hypothalamus
Pancreas
Ovaries/testes
Endocrine system functions
Regulates body functions
Regulates functions of muscles, glands, and other tissues thru secretion of HORMONES
Lymphatic system organs
- Spleen*, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic system functions
Returns excess tissue fluid to the CVS
Provides immunity
What is the master gland
Pituitary (in brain)- controls all glands
Biggest lymphatic organ
Spleen
Smallest bone in ear
Stapes ( 3)
Longest bone
Femur
Most important bone
Skull (brainstem)
Most important muscle
Cardiac
Adrenal gland location
Abdomen
White blood cells provide
Immunity
Red blood cells provide
Oxygen
Food/light / life
Skeletal system functions
*Produces blood cells
Supports the body
Stores calcium salts
Leverage for movement
Protects internal organs
Skeletal system organs
Bones and joints
What is the most common abundant blood cell
Red blood cells
What is the strongest muscle
Quadriceps-skeletal
Simple squamous epithelium location
Lungs
Vertebral body cavities and blood vessels
Parts of kidney
Simple squamous function
Barrier for gas and fluid exchange
Produces serous fluid
Simple cuboidal location
Kidney tubules
Thyroid, salivary, and mammary glands
Lower respiratory passages
Simple cuboidal function
Absorption
Secretion of mucus + other subs
Simple columnar location
Digestive tract from stomach to anus
Gallbladder
Uterine tube
some kidney tubules
Simple columnar function
Absorption
Secretion of mucus + other subs
Pseudostratified columnar location
Nasal cavity
Parts of male urethra
Upper respiratory passages
Keratinized stratified squamous location
Epidermis
NONkeratinized stratified squamous location
Mouth
Pharynx
Superior larynx
Esophagus
Vagina
Anal canal
Stratified cuboidal location
Sweat gland ducts
Stratified cuboidal function
Some absorption & secretion
Stratified columnar location
Ducts of certain glands
Conjunctiva
Parts of male urethra
Stratified columnar function
Protection
Some absorption + secretion
Transitional epithelium location
Urinary bladder
Simplest to most complex structural organization level of the human body
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Dense regular collagenous CT
Tendons and ligaments
Columnar epithelia is always related to
Secretion
Goblet cells are known for
Secreting mucus
What is the most abundant cell
Fibroblast
Respiratory system, digestive system, and the reproductive system are all related to __________ because they must be lubricated
Goblet cells
