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Bio 100 > Ch. 1-3 > Flashcards

Ch. 1-3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is scientific method?

A

Is a known established process to help use better understand the world around us.

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1
Q

What is the Scientific Method process?

A

Observe, Hypothesis, Experiment, Results, & Conclusion.

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2
Q

What is genes?

A

In DNA that are the instructions to make proteins.

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3
Q

DNA is instructions to make what?

A

Proteins. - do most of jobs in cells.

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4
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A 
Prokaryotes:
1) Archea
2) Bacteria
Eukaryotes:
3) Eukarya: animals, plants, fungi & Protists.
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5
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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6
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

A cell.

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7
Q

A population is made up of a # of ___ of the same species?

A

Organisms

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8
Q

What is DNA?

A

Carries the information to be us!

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9
Q

Life at Many Levels:

Big -> Us

A 
Biosphere
Ecosystem: non-living
Community-living
Population
Organism
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10
Q

Life at Many Levels

Us -> Smaller

A 
Organism
Organs
Tissue
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules 
Atoms
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11
Q

What is the biggest cell?

A

Human Egg

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12
Q

What is Amoeba?

A

Single cell.

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13
Q

The property of living things?

A

Growth, Reproduction, Response to environment, Order, Using energy, Overtime population changes, & Regulate.

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14
Q

What is biology?

A

The scientific study of life.

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15
Q

What are Ions?

A

Are charged atoms.

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16
Q

What is isotopes?

A

Are atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
C-12
C-13
C-14 have different # of neutrons

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17
Q

What is an Atom?

A

Is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of the element.

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18
Q

What is Trace Element?

A

Needs in small amounts.
Fe- Iron
Cu- Copper
I- Iodine

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19
Q

What are the most common elements?

A

C- Carbon
H- Hydrogen
O- Oxygen
N- Nitrogen

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20
Q

What is essential element?

A

Elements necessary for life.

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21
Q

What is compounds?

A

Formed of 2 or more elements chemically bonded.

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22
Q

What is elements?

A

Cannot be chemically broken down into a different substance.

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23
Q

What are the 2 types of bonds?

A

Covalent- non-poplar & Polar (strong!)

Ionic

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24
Q

What are the 3 electron shells?

A

1st shell: 2e-
2nd shell: 8e-
3rd shell: 8e-

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25
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Are the electrons in the outermost shell.

26
Q

What the 2 true types of chemical bonds?

A

Covalent: think valence -2 non-metals
Ex: c, o, n, h
Ionic: metal & non-metal
Attractions between ions-> charges atoms.

27
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

A

Neutrons, protons, & electrons.

28
Q

The atomic number tells you how many ___ (one of the 3 subatomic particles) are in all atoms of that element?

A

Protons.

29
Q

Which 2 of the three subatomic particles have a mass?

A

Neutrons & protons.

30
Q

What is the name given to the electrons found in the outermost shell?

A

Valence electrons.

31
Q

What is a molecule?

A

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

32
Q

Is water a compound?

A

Yes.

33
Q

What are the polar bonds?

A

O-H
O-C
N-H
N-C

34
Q

What is radioactive isotopes?

A

Lose particles over time-the nucleus decays spontaneously.

Lose particles and energy-in the case of Carbon-14 loses a proton-becomes Nitrogen.

35
Q

The polarity of water molecules plays 4 important roles:

A

Cohesiveness of water
Why water moderates temp.
Ice floats
Water works as a solvent

36
Q

pH scale.

A

1 (very acidic) -> 14 (very basic)

Water is in the middle with a pH of 7 (neutral-ish)

37
Q

What is buffer?

A

These resist changes of pH.

Very important to us: tiny changes in pH can mess up how we function.

38
Q

What both hogs electrons (e-‘s)?

A

Oxygen & nitrogen

39
Q

Is electrons closer to the oxygen?

A

Yes.

40
Q

What is polar bond?

A

One side is a little negative.

One side is a little positive.

41
Q

Na+ Cl-

A

Opposite charged ions attracted to each other.

42
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

Are neither true bonds, not do they have to involve Hydrogen. Ex: |||| (hydrogen bond)

43
Q

Know pH (Acidic/basic).

A 
Vinegar- acid
Baking soda- base
Lemon juice-acid
Soda- acid
Coffee- acid
44
Q

The four types of macromolecules?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (lipids) plus nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

45
Q

Mono means?

A

One.

46
Q

Poly means?

A

Many.

47
Q

Losing a water is?

A

Dehydration.

48
Q

What is Hydrolysis?

A

The breaking apart of a polymer using H2O.

Lysis means to break.

49
Q

What is carbohydrates?

A

Sugars (simple, disaccharides) and polymers of sugars.

50
Q

What is peptide bond?

A

Covalent bond between amino acids.

51
Q

The monomer that make up polypeptides?

A

Amino acids.

52
Q

Four levels of protein structure?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

53
Q

Proteins: Roles include

A

1) enzymes 2) structure 3) immune system 4) storage

54
Q

The monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

55
Q

What is protein folding?

A

Is determined by primary structure (amino acid sequence).

56
Q

Proteins “knows” how to fold based on?

A

a.a. Sequence

57
Q

What is ribosome?

A

Machinery to make proteins.

58
Q

The monomer of Nucleic Acids is a __?

A

Nucleotide. Made of 3 things: 1) bases (A,G,T,C) 2) sugar 3) phosphate

59
Q

DNA has how many strands?

A

2

60
Q

RNA has how many # of strands?

A

1

61
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

The breaking apart of a polymer using H2O

Lysis= means to break.

62
Q

The smallest living thing is a ___?

A

Cell.

63
Q

All things are made of?

A

Atoms.

Bio 100 (1 decks)

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