Ch 1-3

Question 1

Basic anatomy of the Ear

Answer 1

Outer, Middle, and Inner ear. Auditory Cortex

Question 2

Outer Ear

Answer 2

Collects sound from the environment

Consists of the Helix, Antihelix, External Auditory Meatus, Concha, Tragus, and Lobule

Question 3

Middle Ear

Answer 3

Modifies/Amplifies sound

Consists of the Eardrum, Malleus, Incus, Stapes, and the Eustachean Tube

Question 4

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

Answer 4

Bones that act as a lever system and transfer mechanical energy to the chochlea

Question 5

Eustachean Tube

Answer 5

Equalizes pressure and drains fluid from middle ear into throat

Question 6

Inner Ear

Answer 6

Consists of the Cochlea and Semicircular Canals

Question 7

Air Conduction Pathway

Answer 7

Vibrations from the environment through ear canal > ear drum > hearing nerve > auditory cortex

Question 8

Bone Conduction Pathway

Answer 8

Vibrations from the environment > bones of the skull > hearing nerve > auditory cortex

Question 9

Conductive Hearing Loss

Answer 9

Issue is with getting sound from the environment to the outer or middle ear. Problem is with air conduction

Question 10

Attenuation

Answer 10

Decrease in the strength of a sound

Question 11

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Answer 11

Damage is in the inner ear. Problem is with bone conduction

Question 12

Mixed Hearing Loss

Answer 12

Damage to both the outer/middle and inner ear

Question 13

Erroneous Hearing Loss

Answer 13

Involves a conscious or unconscious faking of hearing loss.

Question 14

Psychogenic Hearing Loss

Answer 14

Occurs when a psychological disorder manifests as a hearing loss

Question 15

Sound

Answer 15

Can be defined in either psychological or physical phenomena

Question 16

Psychological Sound

Answer 16

Sound is auditory experience: act of hearing something

Question 17

Physical Sound

Answer 17

Sound is a series of disturbances of molecules within and through an elastic medium

Question 18

Waves

Answer 18

Molecules in the air are disturbed by a body that is set into vibration. They move from the point of disturbance

Made up of compressions and rarefactions

Question 19

Longitudinal Waves

Answer 19

Air molecules move along the same axis as the wave itself

Question 20

Sine Waves

Answer 20

One cycle of vibration or oscillation begins at any point on the wave and ends at the identical point on the next wave

Question 21

Pure Tone

Answer 21

When a body oscillates sinusoidally showing only one frequency of vibration

A steady sound without over tones

Question 22

Frequency

Answer 22

Measured in hertz (Hz) in cycles per second

Question 23

Complex Sounds

Answer 23

Sounds that contain a number of different frequencies, amplitudes, and phase relationships

Question 24

Intensity

Answer 24

How far something vibrates. Amount of wave force per unit of area

Measured in decibels (dB)

Question 25

Sound Pressure Level (SPL)

Answer 25

Sound pressure measurement.

0dB SPL is not an absence of sound, but it means that the output pressure is 0dB above the reference pressure

Question 26

Hearing Level (HL)

Answer 26

Audiometers use a dB reference of hearing level

The lowest sound level intensity that stimulates normal hearing is called 0dBHL

Question 27

Sensation Level (SL)

Answer 27

Auditory threshold of a given individual.

The threshold of a pure tone is defined as the level at which the sound is so soft that it can be perceived 50% of the time

Question 28

Psychoacoustics

Answer 28

The study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the psychological responses to which they give rise

Question 29

Pitch

Answer 29

Describes the subjective highness or lowness of a sound.

Its physical relation is frequency

Question 30

Loudness

Answer 30

a subjective experience of the physical force of intensity

Question 31

Localization

Answer 31

ability to determine where a sound is coming from. Results from an interaction between both ears. The time at which sound arrives at each ear allows for localization. Requires similar hearing sensitivity in both ears

Question 32

Pure Tone Audiometer

Answer 32

Comparison of a person’s hearing to an established threshold

Produces pure tones of different frequencies

Question 33

Air Conduction Testing

Answer 33

tested via headphones or inserts, or can be used in a sound field

Question 34

Bone Conduction testing

Answer 34

Tested using a small plastic device on a headband placed on the forehead or mastoid bone

Question 35

Speech Audiometer

Answer 35

required for measurements of speech stimuli. Live or recorded can be used