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AP Biology > Ch. 1 & 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Ch. 1 & 2 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

The idea that living species are decedents of ancestral species that are different from present day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation.

A

evolution

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2
Q

The scientific study of life.

A

biology

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3
Q

New properties that arise with each step up in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangements and interactions of parts as complexity increases.

A

emergent properties

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4
Q

A type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus, an membrane enclosed organelles.

A

eukaryotic cell

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5
Q

A type of cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles.

A

prokaryotic cell

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6
Q

A double stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule, consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous base.

A

DNA

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7
Q

A discrete unit of heritary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA.

A

genes

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8
Q

The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete compeltement of an organism or virus’s genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences.

A

genome

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9
Q

A process in which organism’s with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with other characteristics.

A

natural selection

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10
Q

Recorded observation.

A

data

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11
Q

A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.

A

inductive reasoning

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12
Q

A tentative answer to a well-framed question, narrower in scope then a theory and subject to testing.

A

hypothesis

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13
Q

A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.

A

deductive reasoning

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14
Q

An experiment in which a controlled group is compared with an experimental group which varies only in the factors being tested.

A

controlled experiment

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15
Q

An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypothesizes, and is supported by a large body of evidence.

A

theory

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16
Q

A representation of a theory or process.

A

models

17
Q

The application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research.

A

technology

18
Q

any substance that can not be broken down into any other substance by chemical reactions.

A

element

19
Q

A substance of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio.

A

compound

20
Q

An element indispensible for life, but required in extremely minute amounts.

A

trace elements

21
Q

The smallest unit of matter that remains the properties of an element.

A

atom

22
Q

A subatomic particle having no electrical charge, with a mas of about 1.7x10^-24g, found in the nucleus of an atom.

A

neutrons

23
Q

A subatomic particle with a single positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

A

protons

24
Q

A subatomic particle with a single negative charge. One or more of them move around the nucleus of an atom.

A

electrons

25
Q

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

A

mass number

26
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique to each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the elemental symbol.

A

atomic number

27
Q

One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number or protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing the atomic mass.

A

isotopes

28
Q

An isotope that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy.

A

radioactive isotope

29
Q

An electron in the outermost electron shell.

A

valence electrons

30
Q

The three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time.

A

orbital

31
Q

A strong type of chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.

A

covalent bonds

32
Q

A type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds.

A

structural formula

33
Q

A type of molecular notation representing the quantity of constituent atoms, but not the nature of the bonds that join them.

A

molecular formula

34
Q

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

A

molecule

35
Q

A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity.

A

polar covalent bond

36
Q

A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

A

nonpolar covalent bond

37
Q

A starting material in a chemical reaction.

A

reactants

38
Q

A material resulting from a chemical reaction.

A

products

39
Q

The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter.

A

chemical equilibrium

AP Biology (3 decks)

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