Ch. 1 & 2: Terms

Question 1

argument ad ignorantiam

Answer 1

a fallacy in which something is argued as true just because it cannot be proven false

Question 2

confirmation bias

Answer 2

a tendency to only notice the information that supports one’s belief(s)

Question 3

evidence

Answer 3

solid (objective) facts that supports one’s opinion

Question 4

gullibility

Answer 4

the tendency to accept/believe anything one is told

Question 5

mental map

Answer 5

our personal picture of reality which includes ideas, beliefs, and opinions about the world

Question 6

paradox of cartography

Answer 6

states that if a map is to be useful, then in must of necessity be imperfect; the map in not the territory

Question 7

relativism

Answer 7

states that there is no absolute truth and rather truth is relative and individual; “what’s true for me may be false for you”

Question 8

ways of knowing

Answer 8

language, perception, reason, and emotion

Question 9

skepticism

Answer 9

doubt about the truth of something; the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge

Question 10

authority worship

Answer 10

blindly accepting what one is told without thinking about it

Question 11

indoctrination

Answer 11

teaching someone to accept a set of beliefs without questioning them

Question 12

knowledge by authority

aka second hand knowledge

Answer 12

knowledge that is passed from one person to another with through cultural tradition, school, the internet, expert opinions, or the news media

Question 13

justified true belief

Answer 13

the definition of knowledge

Question 14

primary knowledge

Answer 14

knowledge that we gain ourselves through our own experiences

Question 15

sufficient condition

Answer 15

a condition that if satisfied, guarantees that something is obtained; the presence of X guarantees the presence of Y