Ch 1 & 2 Statistics Quiz Flashcards
Five W’s and why they are useful
Who, what, when, where, why, and sometimes how. If we don’t know what values represent or are measured on, they become useless.
Data
Systematically recorded information, whether numbers or labels, together with its context
Three Rules of Data Analysis
make a picture, make a picture, make a picture
Categorical variable
A variable that names categories (with words or numerals)
Quantitative variable:
A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values. They always have units.
Units:
A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement, such as dollars, hours, or grams.
The Area Principle
The area occupied by a part of a graph should correspond to the magnitude of the value it represents.
Frequency Table
A table that lists categories and how many cases belong to each one
Relative frequency table
A frequency table that displays percentages or proportions rather than the counts in each category
Distribution
Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency of each value
Bar Chart
Shows a bar whose area represents the count of observations for each category of a categorical variable
Pie Chart
Shows how a “whole” divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
Categorical Data Condition:
The data are counts or percentages of individuals in non-overlapping categories.
Contingency table:
A table that displays counts and sometimes percentages of of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables. The table categorizes the individuals on all variables at once to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent upon the category
