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SON 110 > Ch. 1 + 2 Questions (Tempkin) > Flashcards

Ch. 1 + 2 Questions (Tempkin) Flashcards

1
Q

Structures are accurately identified on ultrasound images by

A

their location

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2
Q

Organ parenchyma is described in terms of

A

echo texture

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3
Q

When an organ is described as hypoechoic to another organ it means the hypoechoic organ appears

A

less echogenic relative to the other

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4
Q

Degrees of echogenicity depend on

A

a structure’s density, distance from the sound beam, and them angle at which the beam strikes it

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5
Q

For a structure to exhibit acoustic enhancement it must

A

be fluid filled

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6
Q

Structures that cast a shadow

A

either reflect or attenuate the sound beam

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7
Q

The sonographic appearance of the kidneys is described as heterogeneous. Renal cortex, however, is described as

A

homogeneous

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8
Q

The sonographic appearance of the gastrointestinal tract lumen

A

is dependent on its contents

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9
Q

Documented areas of interest

A

must be represented in at least two scanning planes

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10
Q

If a patient asks a sonographer questions regarding their study, the sonographer should

A

explain to the patient that they will have to wait for the physician’s diagnosis

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11
Q

If the liver appears isosonic compared to the right kidney, it is described as

A

having the same echogenicity

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12
Q

If the spleen is described as having uniform composition throughout, it appears

A

homogeneous

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13
Q

If the pancreas appears hyperechoic compared to the liver, it is described as

A

appearing brighter

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14
Q

A scanning survey is

A

a detailed inclusive observation

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15
Q

Abnormal findings/pathology should be described according to

A

echo pattern, size, origin, number, composition, and any complications associated with adjacent structures

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16
Q

Coronal planes divide the body into unequal _____ and _____ sections

A

anterior; posterior

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17
Q

When scanning in a coronal plane, the ultrasound beam enters the body from

A

either a right or left lateral direction

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18
Q

Transverse planes divide the body into unequal _____ and _____ sections

A

superior; inferior

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19
Q

When scanning in a transverse plane, the ultrasound beam enters the body from

A

either an anterior, posterior, right lateral, or left lateral direction

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20
Q

Sagittal planes divide the body into unequal _____ and _____ sections

A

right; left

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21
Q

When scanning in a sagittal plane, the ultrasound beam enters the body from

A

either an anterior or posterior direction

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22
Q

Scanning planes are _____ dimensional

A

two

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23
Q

The anatomic area(s) not seen in a coronal plane

A

are anterior and posterior

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24
Q

The anatomic area(s) not seen in a transverse plane

A

are superior and inferior

25
Q

The anatomic area(s) not seen in a sagittal plane

A

is lateral

26
Q

Scanning planes are often obliqued (by very slightly twisting the transducer). The degree of the oblique is determined by

A

how the structure of interest lies in the body

27
Q

The oblique scanning plane affords visualization of the

A

greatest margins of structures

28
Q

The _____ of the structure being imaged ultimately determines which transducer should be used

A

depth

29
Q

When scanning, every effort should be made to position the area(s) of interest in the transducer’s _____ _____ to obtain the best images

A

focal zone

30
Q

soundwaves don’t penetrate through

A

air

31
Q

thoracentesis

A

removing fluid from chest

32
Q

paracentesis

A

removing fluid from abdomen

33
Q

Describe organ parenchyma

A

homogeneous, ranges in echogenicity

34
Q

Describe muscle

A

slightly echogenic linear striations, hypoechoic compared to most solid body structures

35
Q

Describe placenta

A

Varies throughout pregnancy. Homogeneous echo texture with moderate to high echogenicity by vascular components, giving the placenta a heterogeneous appearance

36
Q

Describe Tissue

A

Homogeneous echo texture with moderate echogenicity and strongly reflective borders

37
Q

Describe fluid-filled structures

A

anechoic lumens and walls are highly echogenic. They exhibit acoustic enhancement or through transmission.

38
Q

Bowel wall is composed of _____ layers

A

5

39
Q

First, third, and fifth layers of bowel wall appear _____

A

hyperechoic

40
Q

Air and gas

A

prevent through transmission, creating a shadow

41
Q

Crura of the diaphragm may appear _____ to adjacent structures

A

hypoechoic

42
Q

Know standard patient positions!

A

(Pg. 7 in book)

43
Q

Imaging Criteria

A

Adjust field size, focus near and far gain settings, set contrast, adjust gain settings, adjust time-gain compensation (TGC)

44
Q

Sagittal planes

A

anterior, posterior, superior, inferior

45
Q

Transverse planes - beam entering from an anterior or posterior direction

A

anterior, posterior, right lateral, left lateral

46
Q

Transverse planes - beam entering from a right or left lateral direction

A

lateral (right or left), medial, anterior, posterior

47
Q

Coronal planes

A

lateral (right or left), medial, superior, inferior

48
Q

Low frequency transducers have

A

most penetration

49
Q

High frequency transducers have

A

less penetration

50
Q

Curved array transducer

A

Typically used for abdomial, obstetric and gynecological imaging

51
Q

Sector array transducer

A

Generally used for intercostal scanning

52
Q

Linear array transducer

A

Typically used for small or superficial structures and extremity Doppler

53
Q

Endocavital transducer

A

Used for endovaginal and endorectal imaging

54
Q

TEE (transducer)

A

Used for transesophageal echocardiography

55
Q

Hockey stick transducer

A

Used for intraoperative imaging

56
Q

3D transducer

A

Used for three dimensional imaging

57
Q

All transducers have a ______ ______

A

focal zone

58
Q

The pancreas lies from right to left, across the body, at a slight angle; therefore its long axis is seen in a _____ _____ scanning plane

A

transverse oblique

59
Q

Typical measurements are calculated in volumes based on

A

L x W x AP = Volume

AP is the Anterior Posterior dimension

SON 110 (9 decks)

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