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CIS 3343 > CH 1 & 2 (EXAM 1) > Flashcards

CH 1 & 2 (EXAM 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Data?

A

a raw piece of information

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2
Q

What is Information?

A

grouped data

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3
Q

What is Systems Analysis?

A

process of understanding and specifying in detail what info system SHOULD ACCOMPLISH

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4
Q

What is Systems Design?

A

how components of the system should be PHYSICALLY IMPLEMENTED

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5
Q

What does a Systems Analyst do?

A

a business professional who analyzes and designs techniques to solve business problems using IT

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6
Q

What is a System?

A

collection of interrelated components functioning together to achieve a goal

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7
Q

What is an Info System?

A

components that collect, process, store, and provide output to achieve a business goal

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8
Q

What is a Subsystem?

A

system part of a larger system

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9
Q

What is Functional Decomposition?

A

dividing system into smaller components based on subsystems that can also be broken down

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10
Q

What is a System Boundary?

A

separation between system and environment (inputs and outputs must cross)

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11
Q

What is Automation Boundary?

A

separation between automated and manual part of system

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12
Q

What is a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) System?

A

marketing, sales, and service operations system involving direct and indirect customer interaction

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13
Q

What is a Supply Chain Management (SCM) System?

A

product dev, acquisition, manufacturing, and inventory management system

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14
Q

What is an Accounting & Financial (AFM) System?

A

records accounting information to produce financial statements and reports by investors and creditors

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15
Q

What is an HR System?

A

employee tasks (payroll, benefits, hiring, training)

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16
Q

What is a Manufacturing Management System?

A

controls internal production processes (raw to finished goods)

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17
Q

What is a Knowledge Management System (KMS)?

A

supports storage and access to documents for all parts of the org

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18
Q

What is a Collaboration Support System?

A

enables geographical access to collaborate on tasks and projects

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19
Q

What is a Business Intelligence System?

A

strategic planning and executive decision making

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20
Q

What is an Enterprise Resource Planning?

A

org commits to using integrated set of software packages

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21
Q

What is a Database?

A

central managed location to store data and accessible to many users at the same time

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22
Q

Systems Analyst Roles

A

consulting, supporting export, agent of change

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23
Q

Systems Analyst Qualities

A

problem solver, communicator, personal and professional ethics, self-disciplined

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24
Q

What is the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? How many phases does it have?

A

phased 7 approaches to solve business problems

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25
Q

Phase 1 SDLC

A
  • identify problems, opportunities, and objectives
  • interview user management, summarize knowledge obtained, estimate project scope, document results
  • produce a feasibility report containing problem definition and objective summaries which management can make a decision to proceed with, understand
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26
Q

Phase 2 SDLC

A

determining human info requirements

  • interview, questionnaires, observe answers, prototype, learn the WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, HOW, WHY of the current system
  • understand the HCI, how to make the new system more useful and usable, understand business functions, have complete info on the people, goals, data involved
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27
Q

Phase 3 SDLC

A

analyze system needs

  • create DFD’s, data dictionary, analyze structured decisions, prepare the proposal
  • provide recommendations on what, if anything, should be done
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28
Q

Phase 4 SDLC

A

design recommended system

  • design procedures to enter data accurately, design HCI, design database/files, design backup procedures
  • provide the model of the actual system
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29
Q

Phase 5 SDLC

A

develop and document software

  • work with programmers to develop new software, create effective documentation, create FAQ’s
  • provide program and system documentation
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30
Q

Phase 6 SDLC

A

test and maintain the system

  • test system, maintain and document it
  • look for problems, update program, and document
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31
Q

Phase 7 SDLC

A

implement and evaluate system

  • train users, prepare to convert old system to new, review and evaluate system
  • a new system should be in place
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32
Q

What is Maintenance?

A

removes software errors, enhance software (add features, adhere to business changes, adhere to software and hardware changes)

33
Q

What is the importance of Maintenance Impact?

A

cost goes up over time and becomes more feasible to perform new studies

34
Q

What are CASE Tools?

A

improving communication with the user, support modeling functional requirements. draw project boundaries

35
Q

What is the Agile Approach? How many stages?

A

5 stage software development approach based on values, principles, and core practices

  • interactive and incremental
  • frequent iterations are essential
36
Q

Agile Values

A

communication, simplicity, feedback, courage

37
Q

Stage 1 Agile Approach

A

exploration

  • assemble team, skills, potential technology, user stories, adapting an attitude
38
Q

Stage 2 Agile Approach

A

planning

  • rules formulating teams relationships with business customers, maximize system value
  • dev team and business customers
39
Q

Stage 3 Agile Approach

A

Iterations to the first release

  • testing, feedback, and change
  • run customer written function tests end of each iteration
40
Q

Stage 4 Agile Approach

A

productionizing

  • product released
  • additional features
41
Q

Stage 5 Agile Approach

A

maintenance

  • new features, riskier recommendations, team member rotations
42
Q

Object-Oriented SAD

A

an alternate approach to SDLC

  • unified modeling language
  • each object is a computer representation of a thing or event
43
Q

UML Step 1

A

draw use case diagrams

  • identify actors and major events (stick figures)
44
Q

UML Step 2

A

write use case scenarios

45
Q

UML Step 3

A

derive activity diagrams from use cases

46
Q

UML Step 4

A

develop sequence diagrams

47
Q

UML Step 5

A

create class diagrams

48
Q

UML Step 6

A

draw statechart diagrams

49
Q

UML Step 7

A

modify diagrams and complete specifications

50
Q

UML Step 8

A

develop and document system

51
Q

Which Method is Best? Agile? SDLC? OOM?

A

SDLC - system dev and documented using SDLC, communication everywhere, adequate resources and time, upper-level management comfortable

Agile - applications developed quickly, rescue takes place

OOM - system added gradually, problems modeled, tackle hard tasks first

52
Q

What is Open Source Software?

A

users add, modify, share, and study code

  • Ad hoc, standardized, organized, commercial
  • general structure, environment, goals, method, user community, licensing
53
Q

What shapes organizations?

A

management, design, and culture

54
Q

What are Interrelated Subsystems?

A

cut across org system, influenced by cultures and subcultures

  • operations, middle management, and strategic management
55
Q

Depicting Systems Graphically (what type of information)?

A

context level DFD, entity relationships, use case modeling

56
Q

What do Organizations as Systems do?

A
  • accomplish goals and objectives
  • smaller interrelated systems
  • special functions
57
Q

What are Interrelatedness & Independence in a system?

A
  • systems process inputs
  • all systems are interrelated and independent
  • system feedback for planning and control
  • self-correction and regulation
58
Q

What is Organization Environment factors?

A

community, economy, politics, legal

59
Q

What is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System?

A

integrated org system

  • software helping the flow of info between functional areas in the org
  • moving to cloud
  • affects employees work, strategic positioning of the company, skills required
60
Q

Issues to overcome for ERP Success

A

user acceptance, integration with legacy systems, upgrading functionality

61
Q

What is Context level DFD?

A

data flow in and out

  • shows system scope and external entities outside scope
  • process, entity, data flow
62
Q

What are Entity-Relationship Models?

A

focus on entities and relationships in the system

  • another way to show system scope
63
Q

How many Relationships are there? What are they?

A

one to one, one to many, many to many

64
Q

Types of Entities

A

fundamental, associative, attributive

  • fundamental: real entity (person, place, thing)
  • associative: joins 2 entities
  • attributive: describing attributes
65
Q

How do you Create an ERD?

A
  • list entities of org
  • choose entities to narrow the scope of the problem
  • identify the primary entity
  • confirm results through data gathering
66
Q

What does Use Case Diagram consist of?

A

what system does without describing it, view of system requirements

  • actors to define roles of system
  • symbols (ovals indicating task)
  • connecting lines that describe behavioral relationships
67
Q

How many Actor Types are there? What are they?

A
  • primary (supply data and provide details)

- supporting (keep the system running)

68
Q

What 3 things does a use case provide?

A
  • actor initiating event
  • event triggering use case
  • use case performing actions triggered by the event
69
Q

What are the 4 use case relationships?

A
  • communicates (straight line connected)
    _____________________
  • includes (contains behavior that is commonly more than one other use case; arrow points to common use case)
  • generalizes (one thing is more general than another and the arrow points to the general thing)
    _____________________>
70
Q

What is a Scope?

A

defines system boundaries

  • in and out of the system, project budget,, start and end time
  • actors and communication lines
71
Q

How do you Develop Use Case Diagrams?

A
  • review business specifications and identify actors
  • identify high-level events and primary cases that describe it
  • determine variations of flow
  • context DFD can be a starting point for use case
72
Q

What Sections can you find in a Use Case Scenario?

A

header

  • name, unique ID, application area, list actors, stakeholders, level, a brief description

footer

  • preconditions, postconditions, assumptions, minimal and success guarantee, outstanding issues, optional priority and risk
73
Q

What are Use Case Levels?

A

describes the description

white (clouds): enterprise
kite: business unit / department level
blue (sea): user goals
indigo (fish): functional / subfunctional
black (clam): most details
74
Q

What are the 4 steps to create use cases?

A
  • agile stories, definition objectives, user requirements, features list
  • ask about tasks to be completed
  • any iterations?
  • ends when customer goal is met
75
Q

What are the 3 levels of management in an organization?

A

strategic, managerial, operational

76
Q

What is Operations Control in an organization?

A

decisions made with predetermined rules and predictable outcomes

77
Q

What is Managerial in an organization?

A

short term planning and controls decisions about resources and objectives

78
Q

What is Strategic planning in an organization?

A

defines org as a whole, look ahead to the future, decisions guiding middle and operations manager, uncertain decision-making environments

CIS 3343 (4 decks)

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