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Biology- 9 Week Midterm > Ch. 1,2,7,8 & 9 > Flashcards

Ch. 1,2,7,8 & 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The observed variable in an experiment or study whose changes are determined by the presence or degree of one or more independent variables

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2
Q

Errors in experiments

A 
Instrumental error(lack of calibration)
Personal error(inaccurate observations)
Sampling error(sample size 2 small or not random)
Replication error(lack of consistency & accuracy)
Experimental Design
Measurement error(lack of accuracy & precision)
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3
Q

Qualitative observation

A

Described by words or terms rather than #s and including subjective descriptions in terms of variables such as color, shape, smell; often recorded using terms, photographs, or drawings

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4
Q

Quantitative observations

A

Numerical values derived from counts or measurements of a variable; frequently require some kind of instrument use in recording

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5
Q

Organic Molecules

A 
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
(CLPN)
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6
Q

Organic Molecule- Carbs

A

Made of: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Monomer: Monosaccharides
Ex: Glucose
Function: livings things main source of energy

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7
Q

Organic Molecule- Lipid

A

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amount of oxygen
Monomer: Fatty acids & glycerol
*water-insoluble (fats and oils)
Saturated & unsaturated
Provides insulation, stores energy, cushions internal organs,found in membranes

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8
Q

Organic molecule- Proteins

A

Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Monomer: amino acid held by peptide bonds
Function: Control the rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form important cell structures, transport materials in/out the cell, to help fight disease, can compose enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and structural components

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9
Q

Organic molecule- Nucleic Acid

A

Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Monomer: Nucleotide
Ex: Rna, DNA
*directs the instruction of proteins
*genetic info an organism receives from its parents

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

Capture solar energy for photosynthesis

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11
Q

Golgi Body

A

Package, distribute products

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12
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digests excess products and food particles

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A

Transform energy through respiration

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA which controls cellular activities

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15
Q

Ribosome

A

Produce proteins

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16
Q

Vacuole

A

Store substances

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17
Q

Cell (plasma) membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer that protects and encloses the cell; controls transport; maintains homeostasis

18
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid second layer that protects and encloses the cell (plant & bacteria cells)

19
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid-like substance that contains various membrane-bound organelles that perform various reactions

20
Q

Endoplamic Reticulum

A

Site of chemical reactions

* Rough ER & Smooth ER*

21
Q

Rough ER

A

Contains ribosomes

22
Q

Smooth ER

A

Lipid production

23
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Provides internal structure

24
Q

Microfilaments

A

Fibers

25
Q

Microtubules

A

Cylinders

26
Q

Unicellular

A

Organism that exists as a singular, independent cell

27
Q

Multicellular

A

Organism that exists as specialized groups of cells; cells are organized into tissues that perform that same function, tissues form organs and organs make up an organ system

28
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Has nuclear material in the center of the cell, but doesn’t have a nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles; found in bacteria

29
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Contains a clearly defined nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelle; found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists

30
Q

Independent Variable

A

A manipulated variable in an experiment or study whose presence or degree determines the change in the dependent variable

31
Q

Cell Theory

A

1) The cell is the basic unit of life
2) All organisms are composed of cells
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells

32
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane w/out the use of the cell’s energy

33
Q

Diffusion

A

A type of passive transport; movement of substances across the membrane from an area of high concentration to areas of lower concentration

34
Q

Osmosis

A

Type of passive transport; diffusion of water across the membrane from areas of high concentration to low concentration

35
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Type of passive transport; a carrier molecule embedded in the membrane transports a substance across the membrane following the high-to-low concentration gradient

36
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of substances across the membrane that requires the use of the cells energy and carrier molecules; substances are moving from an area of low-to-high concentration(against concentration gradient)

37
Q

Endocytosis

A

Large particles are brought into the cell

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

Large particles leave the cell

39
Q

Homeostasis

A

Internal equilibrium; the membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell; a selectively permeable membrane only allows certain substances to pass through

40
Q

Hypotonic

A

Water moves in; cell bursts

41
Q

Hypertonic

A

Water moves out; cell shrivels

42
Q

Isotonic

A

No net movement; cell maintains equilibrium

Biology- 9 Week Midterm (1 decks)

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