Ch 1-2 Flashcards
Anterior
- Towards the front of the body
- Example: the sternum is anterior to the heart
- Opposite of posterior
- ventral because it’s related to the belly
Posterior
- Toward the back of the body or relating to the back
- example: the esophagus is posterior to the trachea
- opposite of anterior
- dorsal because it’s relates to the back of the body
Ventral
- sometimes used with anterior because it relates to the belly
- towards the front of the body
- example: the aorta is ventral to the vertebral column
Dorsal
- sometimes used with posterior because it relates to the back of the body
- towards the back or spine
- example: the vertebral column is dorsal to the aorta
Cranial/ cephalic
- cephalic: towards the head or support end
- example: the cephalic end of the embryonic neural tube develops into the brain
Superior
- upward or above
- example: the heart is superior to the diaphragm
- opposite of inferior
Inferior
- downward or below
- example: the diaphragm is inferior to the heart
- example: the liver is inferior to the diaphragm
- opposite of superior
Caudal
- towards the tail or inferior end
- example: they spinal cord is caudal to the brain
Medial
- towards the midline of the body
- towards the median plane
- example: the heart is medial to the lungs
- opposite of lateral
Lateral
- away from the midline of the body
- away from the median plane
- example: the eyes are lateral to the nose
- opposite of medial
Proximal
- closer to the point of attachment or origin
- example:the elbow is proximal to the wrist
- opposite of distal
Distal
- farther from the point of attachment or origin
- example: the fingernails are at the distal ends of the fingers
- opposite of proximal
Superficial
- closer to the body surface
- example: the skin is superficial to the muscles
- opposite of deep
Deep
- away from the surface of the body
- example: in kidney, the medulla is deep to the cortex
- opposite of superficial
Transverse Plane
- a plane that’s passes perpendicular to the long taxis of the body, dividing it into superior and inferior portions
- also called horizontal plane or cross-section
Sagittal Plane
- a plane that passes from the front to the back through the body, dividing it into the right and left portion
Midsagittal plane
- a plane that passes through midline of the body and divided it into the right and left halves
Frontal/coronal Plane
- a plane that passes side-to-side through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior portions
Ventral (know organs found in cavities)
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Thoracic (know organs found in cavities)
- location: thorax
- cavity of the chest
- bounded by sternum, ribs and costal cartilages, intercostal muscles, thoracic vertebrae, and diaphragm
- Three subdivisions: a central mediastinum (contains the heart and thoracic parts of great vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus) and bilateral pulmonary cavities ( contains lungs and plurae)
Pleural (know organs found in cavities)
.
Mediastinum (know organs found in cavities)
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Pericardial (know organs found in cavities)
.
Abdominopelvic (know organs found in cavities)
-consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
-
Abdominal (know organs found in cavities)
- stomach
- intestines
- liver
- gallbladder
- spleen
- pancreas
- kidneys
- ureters
- suprarenal glands
- aorta
- inferior vena cava
- lumbar nerve plexus
Pelvic (know organs found in cavities)
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Dorsal (know organs found in cavities)
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Cranial (know organs found in cavities)
- location: skull
- space in skull that contains brain, meanings, and cerebrospinal fluid
Spinal (know organs found in cavities)
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Homeostasis, + and - feed back
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Hydrolysis
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Dehydration Systhesis
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ATP Generation
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Enzyme Action
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PH Determination
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Ph Buffering
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Components and functions of Carbos
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Components and function of fats
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Components and functions of proteins
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Components and functions of nucleic acids
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