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Bio LEC exam 1 > Ch 1-2 > Flashcards

Ch 1-2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Levels of organization of living things

A 
Atom
Molecule 
Organism 
Cells
Tissue 
Organs
Organ system 
Ecosystem 
Biosphere
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2
Q

What is the basic unit of matter?

A

Atom

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3
Q

What are molecules?

A

2 or more atoms bonded together

DNA

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4
Q

Which is the largest level of organization of living things?

A

Biosphere

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5
Q

What are all living things made of?

A

Cells

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6
Q

What is the smallest fictional unit in living organisms?

A

A cell

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7
Q

A collection of similar cells carrying out the same function is referred to as _____.

A

Tissue

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8
Q

Name the 8 properties of life

A 
Order 
Responses to stimuli 
Reproduction 
Adaption 
Growth & development 
Regulation 
Homeostasis 
Energy processing
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9
Q

What are organelles?

A

Structures within cells and are composed of multiple molecules

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10
Q

Give an example of an organelle:

A

Nucleus, chloroplast

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11
Q

Name 3 qualities of prokaryotes:

A 
Bacteria 
Small
No nucleus 
No membrane bound organelles 
Contains DNA
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12
Q

Name 3 qualities of eukaryotes:

A 
Humans, amoeba 
Larger
Contains nucleus 
Contains membrane bound organelles 
Contains DNA
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13
Q

Similarities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes:

A

Contain DNA

Contains cell membrane

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14
Q

Differences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes:

A

Prokaryotes are smaller/Eukaryotes larger

Pro contains nucleus/ euk no nucleus

Pro no membrane bound organelles/euk contains membrane bound organelles

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15
Q

Name the last 5 levels of living things

A 
Organism
Population
Community 
Ecosystem 
Biosphere
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16
Q

All biotic and abiotic components in an area is an _____.

A

Ecosystem

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17
Q

Biotic means what?

A

Living components

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18
Q

Abiotic means what?

A

Non-living components

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19
Q

Which of the following are properties of a living thing?

Uses oxygen
Moves away from heat
Made of molecules
Reproduces itself

A

Moves away from heat

Reproduces itself

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20
Q

Which level of organization is broader and more inclusive?

A

Organ system

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21
Q

Which includes biotic and abiotic components?

Population
Community
Biosphere
Ecosystem

A

Eco system

Biosphere

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22
Q

Name the 8 levels of classification

A 
Domain 
Kingdom 
Phylum 
Class 
Order 
Family 
Genus 
Species
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23
Q

Which is the largest classification?

A

Domain

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24
Q

Which is the smallest classification

A

Species

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25
Q

Who created the bionomial nomenclature?

A

Carl Linnaeus

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26
Q

What are the 3 domains? Who discovered them?

A

Bacteria
Arches
Eukarya

Carl woese

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27
Q

What is science

A

Knowledge about the natural world

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28
Q

Using repeated observations to arrive at generalized conclusions is known as_____.

A

Inductive reasoning

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29
Q

Using general principal or law to forecast specific events is known as ____.

A

Deductive reasoning

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30
Q

Hypothesis testing order

A 
Observation 
Question 
Hypothesis 
Experiment 
Analyze results 
Read conclusion 
Theory
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31
Q

Which level of classification is most inclusive?

A

Class

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32
Q

What does homeostasis mean?

A

The “steady state”

OR

organisms ability to maintain constant internal conditions despite changes in environment

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33
Q

Basic vs applied science

A

Basic-
Inquiry for sake of knowledge, not attempting to solve

Applied- experiments aimed at solving a problem

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34
Q

Scientific method vs scientific theory

A

Method- logical process, begins with observation and then question

Theory- well tested and accepted explanation

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35
Q

A tentative explanation for observation or phenomenon is known as ______

A

Scientific hypothesis

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36
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass is

A

Matter

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37
Q

T or F. Matter is composed of chemical elements.

A

True

38
Q

Examples of elements:

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

39
Q

The smallest component of an element that retains all of the chemical properties of that element is ____

A

An atom

40
Q

The nucleus contains what two elements

A

Protons and neutrons

41
Q

Electrons orbit around nucleus and ____

A

Have almost no mass.

42
Q

Are electrons positively or negatively charged?

A

Negative

43
Q

Have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

A

Isotopes

44
Q

The three “carbons” of isotopes are:

A

Carbon-12
Carbon-13
Carbon-14

45
Q

How many protons and neutrons does carbon-12 have?

A

6 each

46
Q

How many protons and neutrons can carbon 13 have?

A

6 pro

7 neu

47
Q

How many protons/neutrons can carbon-14 have?

A

6 pro

8 neutrons

48
Q

The first shell of an electron holds ___ electrons.

A

2

49
Q

Second shell can hold_____ electrons

A

8

50
Q

Third shell

A

Holds 8 electrons

51
Q

When an atom does not contain and equal number of protons and electrons, this is called an____.

A

Ion

52
Q

Positive charge-
Negative charge-

(A) anion
(B) cation

A

Positive- cation

Negative- anion

53
Q

Chemical bonds are _____.

A

Molecule combinations of 2 or more atoms that remain close together

54
Q

What is the octet rule

A

When an element has space for 8 electrons in its outer shell.

55
Q

4 types of bonds between atoms

A

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen
Van der waals

56
Q

Electrons shared between two atoms is called

A

A covalent bond

57
Q

What are the two types of covalent bonds?

A

Non polar

Polar

58
Q

Nonpolar covalent bonds have electrons that share equally between ___ bonds

A

2

59
Q

T or F. Polar covalent bonds share their electrons equally.

A

false

60
Q

What is an example of a polar covalent bond?

A

H2O

61
Q

T or F. Polar covalent bonds have partial negative charge around oxygen and hydrogen nuclei

A

True

62
Q

Is a hydrogen bond stronger or weaker than ionic bond?

A

Weaker

63
Q

Found between water molecules and within DNA

A

Hydrogen bond

64
Q

Forces not due to ionic or covalent bonding, complex forces

A

Van der Waals Interactions

65
Q

Properties of water

A

Polar
Excellent solvent
Cohesive
Stabilizes temp

66
Q

Readily dissolves in water

“Water-loving”

A

Hydrophilic

67
Q

Does not dissolve in water

“Water-fearing”

A

Hydrophobic

68
Q

Capacity of liquid surface to withstand rupture

A

Surface tension

69
Q

Attractiveness between different types of molecules

A

Adhesion

70
Q

What type of bond holds one molecule of water to another molecule of water?

A

Hydrogen bond

71
Q

Macromolecules are:

A

Large molecules necessary for life

72
Q

4 major classes of macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

73
Q

When carbon bonds to another carbon to form long chains

A

Carbon bonding

Forms steric acid

74
Q

Glucose carbon bonding forms

A

Rings

75
Q

Polymers of simple sugars

A

Carbohydrates

76
Q

Starch is a polymer made of_____

A

Glucose

77
Q

Builds up polymers by joining monomers and releases water

A

Dehydration reaction

78
Q

Breaks down polymer into monomer

A

Hydrolysis reaction

79
Q

3-6 carbon atoms in chains or rings

A

Monosaccharides

80
Q

2 monosaccharides joined by a dehydration reaction

A

Disaccharides

81
Q

3 types of disaccharides

A

Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose

82
Q

Largest polymer of amylose and amylopectin

A

Starch

83
Q

Produced by plants and used to store energy by plants

A

Starch

84
Q

Energy storage molecule for humans and other vertebrates

A

Glycogen

85
Q

The most abundant natural bio polymer and dietary fiber

A

Cellulose

86
Q

Cellulose structure looks like

A

Octagons connected

87
Q

What kind of bonds connect cellulose in its structure?

A

Hydrogen bonds

88
Q

Hydrophobic diverse group of molecules that is a main energy source and an insulation

A

Lipids

89
Q

Polymers of amino acids

A

Proteins

90
Q

Alters the shape of protein

A

Denature

Bio LEC exam 1 (2 decks)

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