CH 1,2,3

Question 1

Four ways an NGO is different than a business

Answer 1

1. Mission, money and management are interdependent.
2. NGO’s have different realtionship with stakeholders. Each stakeholders has different goal and management is more complex.
3. Success is measured by a double bottom line: achieve mission and stay financially stable.
4. The problems addressed by NGO’s are more difficult to solve.

Question 2

2 schools of thought on social entrepreneurship

Answer 2

1. Social enterprise school: market-based solutions to social problems. Applies to businesses and NGO’s
2. Social innovation school: social entrepreneur is an innovator. Applies to government

Question 3

Hybrid

Answer 3

NGO with characteristics of business, government agencies and NGO

Question 4

Two perspectives on NGO’s

Answer 4

1. NGOs are primarily social institutions: mainly look at the ethics instead of business.
2. NGOs are social enterprises: encourage the use of business principles. Unsure if managers are equiped enough

Question 5

Independent sector

Answer 5

Organisation that represents the interest of NGOs. Depend on money from government and private donors

Question 6

Salamon’s anatomy

Answer 6

Divided into two broad categories:

1. Member serving: secure the benefits for people who belong to them or who support them.
2. Public serving: organisations like churches.

Question 7

3 different kind of organisations

Answer 7

1. Purely philanthropic: appeal to good will rather than self-interest. Goal is to create social value. (homeless shelter)
2. Purely commercial: appeal to self-interest. Goal is to create economic value.
3. Hybrid: has mixed motives. Equal attention to social and economic value.

Question 8

3 types of legal forms

Answer 8

1. Benefit cooperation: social responsibility is included in organisation’s charter.
2. Flexible purpose corporation: board and management need to agree on social purposes.
3. Low-profit, limited liability company (L3C): pursue social purposes but also accept investments as a financial return partially

Question 9

Sociologists theories on NGO

Answer 9

Involvement in NGO is good for norms, values and development of social capital.

Question 10

Political theories on NGO

Answer 10

look at NGO and their role in supporting democratic traditions.

Question 11

4 functions of NGO in relation to governments

Answer 11

1. Accommodate diversity: give voice to those with different values that don’t agree with government
2. Undertake experimentation: sometimes governments take over successfull NGO
3. Provide freedom from bureaucracy: NGO can respond quicker than governments (who need to go through whole procedure)
4. Attention to minority needs: NGO take care of the minorities that have less political power.

Question 12

Economist theories

Answer 12

NGO fill gap created by market and government failure. Find it interesting that people work without compensation

Question 13

Interdisciplinary theories

Answer 13

Lohmann’s theory of the commoners: NGO produces common goods. sees common goods as a seperate category, not private or public goods.

Question 14

Supply side theory

Answer 14

NGO is more than just a gap filler: its driven by vision and values

Question 15

theories of altruisms

Answer 15

Wonder if people really make gifts based on selflessness or if they want to benefit from it as well

Question 16

5 qualities that define an NGO

Answer 16

1. Organised companies: NGOs are under the state of law and have same benefits as business
2. Private: can’t be controlled by governments.
3. Nonprofit distributing: profits are reinvested in ogranisation
4. Self-governing: control lies within board of directors.
5. Noncompulsory: participation is voluntary. Values remain
   (6) . public benefit: mission driven and not profit driven

Question 17

closed system NGO

Answer 17

NGO that rely on their revenues instead of donations

Question 18

open system NGO

Answer 18

NGO are dependent and interact with external environment

Question 19

Isomorphism

Answer 19

Organisations in the same field become more like each other because they have a similar environment.

Question 20

3 forms of isomorphism

Answer 20

1. Coercive isomorphism: organisations become more alike because they are forced by the same rules.
2. Mimetic isomorphism: organisations tend to mimic each other.
3. Normative isomorphism: when organisations are influenced by the same standards of professional practice.

Question 21

Task environment

Answer 21

structure of an organisation depends on whether the work is predictable or complex.

Question 22

organisational culture

Answer 22

included artifcats and creations (logos), basic values, basic assumptions. NGO is too complex for only one culture.