Ch 1,2,3 Flashcards
8 principles distinguish:
Interior/ exterior
Hot/ cold
Excess/ deficiency
Yin/ yang
The 8 principles can help us understand?
The location, depth, strength, weakness of the pathogenic factors and the healthy Qi, as well as the disharmony between yin and yang.
Exterior vs interior determines:
Severity and depth of the disease and its location.
6 exogenous pathogenic factors:
Wind Cold Damp Dry Heat Fire (summer heat)
3 Types of exterior PF
Attack of cold
Attack of wind
Attack of wind-heat
Clinical manifestations of exterior PF
Fever Aversion to cold (or wind) Headache Body pain Thin white tongue coat FLOATING pulse Respiratory stuffy or runny nose Sneezing Sore throat Cough Sweating or not sweating
Characteristics of exterior PF
No marked symptoms from Zang fu organs
Sudden onset, mild short course
Exterior PF invade through……
Skin
Hair
Mouth
Nose
Interior pathogenic factors invade….
Organs
Qi/ blood/ marrow
*if something is not an exterior pattern it means it is an interior one.
Characterisitcs of interior pattern :
Cold or heat symptoms and marked symptoms from Zang fu
Acute or chronic
Severe conditions
Long course
Seen in middle late stages of disease originally cause by exogenous PF.
Interior pattern signs and symptoms….
Depend more on cold/heat? Deficiency/ excess? Etc….
Cold pattern concept:
Manifests as diminished function and movement of the body mechanisms due to yang xu, yin excess, or invasion of cold pathogen.
Cold clinical manifestations:
Aversion to cold Cold limbs Pale complexion Absence of taste in the mouth Lack of thirst Clear sputum/ saliva/ nasal discharge Clear and profuse urine Loose stool Pale tongue w/ white moist slippery coat Slow or tense pulse
Heat patterns clinical….
Fever Preference for cold Red complexion and red eyes Thirst for cold drinks Restlessness Insomnia Thick yellow sputum and nasal discharge Haematemesis (vomit blood) Fever Epistasis (nose bleeds) Scanty deep yellow urine Constipation Red dry tongue with dry yellowish coat Rapid pulse
Heat pattern concept…
Hyperactivity of the body mechanisms due to:
yang excess
yin deficiency
Invasion of heat pathogen
What type of patterns reflect excess and deficiency of yin and yang and are the main nature of diseases?
Cold and heat
These two principles reflect the strength and weakness of the body’s Zheng Qi and the strength or debility of the pathogenic Qi.
Excess and deficiency
_____________ pattern includes any symptoms due to weakness or ___________ of the Zheng Qi.
Suggests a wak and insufficient Zheng Qi and the absence of pathogenic Qi.
Deficiency
4 types of deficinecy….
Qi
Blood
Yin
Yang
___________ patterns have the presence of a pathogenic factor (can be interior or exterior) of any kind due to the body’s relatively intact Qi, the body fight the PF and we then see signs and symptoms accordingly.
Excess patterns
Two aspects of an excess pattern:
- External pathogen is attacking the body
- Or due to internal organ dysfunction, secondary pathological products are formed or retained such as phlegm, fluids, and blood stasis.
Excess clinical manifestations:
Fever Abdominal distentsion and pain Restlessness Fullness in chest Coarse breathing Profuse sputum and saliva Dry stool or dysentary, or tenesmus Dribbling or inhibited urination, or difficulty/ painful urination Coma or delirium Tough tongue with thick greasy coat Forceful pulse
___________ & _____________ are used as a summary of the other six principles. They explain the relationship of opposition and unity in the human body and pathology.
Yin & Yang
Yang deficiency pattern:
Yang Qi xu is consequent hypo function of Qi, lack of warmth, lack of movement, lack of Qi transformation.
Yang xu causes:
Chronic diseases damaging yin Increase development of Qi xu Kidney xu (old age) Cold environment TAKING TOO MANY BITTER COLD MEDICINES
Yang XU clinical:
Aversion to cold Cold limbs No thirst or a desire for hot drinks Spontaneous sweating Profuse sweating Profuse clear urine General edema Loose stools Pale complexion Enlarged pale tongue with moist and slippery white coat Deep, slow and weak pulse
ALSO……
Qi deficiency symptoms
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Yang xu key points
Yang xu manifests in chronic diseases or in those with weak constitution.
Main symptoms are aversion to cold, cold limbs, low spirits, fatigue, pale complexion, and light/pale tongue
Yang xu often is combined with Qi xu, known as…..
Yang Qi xu
Often involves multiple Zang and fu organs such as HT, KI, SP, ST, and uterus….
Yang xu
Yin XU pattern
Yin Xu failing to control yang creating interior (deficient) heat.
Yin XU causes:
Injury of yin at the late stage of warm diseases
Consumption of yin fluids due o emotional problems
Excess sexual activities
TAKING TOO MANY WARM DRY MEDICINES
Yin xu clinical manifestations
Slim body Dry mouth and throat Tidal fever Red cheeks Feverish in chest, palms and soles Night sweating Scanty urine Dry stool Red dry tongue with little or no coat Thready rapid pulse
Yin xu key points
Manifests in weak constitution due to chronic disease, characterized by emaciation, red cheeks, and tongue, tidal fever, dry mouth, and rapid pulse.
Usually slow onset long course
