ch. 1-2 Flashcards by Sunny Hong

Why are most medical terms formed from Greek?

Rapid Greek expansion at same time medicine focus -> new words transliterated into Greek

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Who is Hippocrates?

“Father of modern medicine” because of his 70+ books written for medical science

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Who is Galen?

Originator of the experimental method in medical investigation, research on body functions

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Who is Asclepius?

Greek god of medicine, specializes in healing and is recognized through “rod of Asclepius”

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What are the historical origins of the use of Latin in medical terminology?

Latin became the “scholarly” language and thus Greek physicians assimilating into the culture transliterated medical terminology into Latin; “lingua franca”

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How is Latin used in medical and scientific terminology?

Through grammar adaptation and synonyms for original Greek letters/roots/words

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a-/an- (p)

without

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amphi-/ampho- (p)

on both sides, around, both

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ana-/ano- (p)

upward, back against

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anti- (p)

opposed/against

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apo- (p)

away/apart from/derived from

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di- (p)

two

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dia- (p)

through, across

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dicho- (p)

in two, twofold

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dys- (p)

difficult

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ec-/ek-/ex- (p)

outside of

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ecto- (p)

on the outside

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en-/em- (p)

in/within

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endo-/ento- (p)

within

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epi-/eph-

upon/on

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eso- (p)

inward

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eu- (p)

well/normal

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exo- (p)

outside of

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hemi- (p)

half/partly

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hyper- (p)

above/excessive

hypo- (p)

deficient, below

kata-/cata-/cat- (p)

downward, against, complete

meta-/met- (p)

change, transformation, after, beyond

opistho- (p)

behind/backward

pali-/palin- (p)

again, once more, backwards

para- (p)

alongside/opposite/abnormal

peri- (p)

around

pro- (p)

in front of, forward

pros- (p)

toward; in addition

proso- (p)

forward, before

syn-/sym- (p)

together, with

a-/ab- (p)

away/apart from

ad-/af-

toward, to, near

ambi-

around both sides

ante-

before

bi-/bin-

twice, double, twofold

circum-

around

con-/col-/com-/co-/cor-

with, together, complete

contra-

against, opposite

de-

down from/not

demi-

half/part

dis-/dif-

apart form/separate

e-/ex-/ef-

out of, from, very

extra-/extro-

outside/beyond

in-/im-/il-/ir-

into, against, not (ex. induction)

infra-

below/lower (ex. infrared)

inter-

bewteen

intra-

within, during

intro-

within, inward (ex. introvert)

intus-

within

juxta-

between, near to

non-

not; without

ob-/oc-/op-

against, in the way

per-

throughout, completely (ex. persistence)

post-

after, behind

prae-/pre-/pro-

before, in front of

re-

again, returning

retro-

backwards, behind

se-

aside, apart from (ex. segregate)

semi-

half

sub-/suc-/suf-/sug-/sup-/sur-

under, below, less than normal

super-

over, above, excessive

supra-

above, beyond

trans-

across, through (ex. transition)

ultra-

beyond, excessive

(adj) -ac/-ic/-tic

pertaining to (ex. gastric)

(v) -ize

to become; to engage in (ex. euthanize)

(n) -a/-esis/-ia/-iasis/-ism/-osis/-sia

state or condition of (ex. osteoporosis, mania)

(n) -iac

one who is afflicted with (ex. insomniac)

-id/-od/-ode

resembling, in the form of

-ides/-idae/-ida

descended from

-in/-ine

chemical substance, hormone (ex. chromatin, adrenaline)

(n) -ist

a person interested in/specializes in

-ite

belonging to, similar to

-itis

inflammation (ex. arthritis)

-ium

tissue/part of the body

-oma

tumor, mass, swelling

-y

state/condition of (ex. empathy)

-aceus/-aceous/-aneus/-aneous/-eus/-eous

having the quality of

-alis/-al/-aris/-ar/-eal/-ilis/-ile

pertaining to

(can be verbalized) -ans/-ant/-ens/-ent/-iens/-ient

makes whatever word have an "-ing" at the end

-bilis/-ble/-ilis/-ile

ability to (ex. audible)

-idus/-id

in the state or condition of (ex. frigid)

-lentus/-lent/-osus/-ose

full of

-arium/-ary/-orium/-ory

pertaining to, a place of

(adv) -ad

indicates a direction on the body

(v) -ate

to make, to cause, to act upon (ex. permeate)

(n) -tia/-ce/-itias/-ity/-tudo/-tude

state or condition of (ex. dementia)

(n) -lus/-il/-cle/-ole

little (ex. icicle)

(n) -ianus/-ian

practitioner of

(n) -io/-ion/-mentum/-ment/-ura/-ure

condition resulting because of an action

(n) -or

quality of condition/something (usually a muscle) that performs an action

What is the Hippocratic Aphorism 1.1?

The physician must not only be prepared to do what is right himself, but also to make the patient, the attendants, and externals cooperate.