ch. 1-2 Flashcards
Why are most medical terms formed from Greek?
Rapid Greek expansion at same time medicine focus -> new words transliterated into Greek
Who is Hippocrates?
“Father of modern medicine” because of his 70+ books written for medical science
Who is Galen?
Originator of the experimental method in medical investigation, research on body functions
Who is Asclepius?
Greek god of medicine, specializes in healing and is recognized through “rod of Asclepius”
What are the historical origins of the use of Latin in medical terminology?
Latin became the “scholarly” language and thus Greek physicians assimilating into the culture transliterated medical terminology into Latin; “lingua franca”
How is Latin used in medical and scientific terminology?
Through grammar adaptation and synonyms for original Greek letters/roots/words
a-/an- (p)
without
amphi-/ampho- (p)
on both sides, around, both
ana-/ano- (p)
upward, back against
anti- (p)
opposed/against
apo- (p)
away/apart from/derived from
di- (p)
two
dia- (p)
through, across
dicho- (p)
in two, twofold
dys- (p)
difficult
ec-/ek-/ex- (p)
outside of
ecto- (p)
on the outside
en-/em- (p)
in/within
endo-/ento- (p)
within
epi-/eph-
upon/on
eso- (p)
inward
eu- (p)
well/normal
exo- (p)
outside of
hemi- (p)
half/partly
hyper- (p)
above/excessive
hypo- (p)
deficient, below
kata-/cata-/cat- (p)
downward, against, complete
meta-/met- (p)
change, transformation, after, beyond
opistho- (p)
behind/backward
pali-/palin- (p)
again, once more, backwards
para- (p)
alongside/opposite/abnormal
peri- (p)
around
pro- (p)
in front of, forward
pros- (p)
toward; in addition
proso- (p)
forward, before
syn-/sym- (p)
together, with
a-/ab- (p)
away/apart from
ad-/af-
toward, to, near
ambi-
around both sides
ante-
before
bi-/bin-
twice, double, twofold
circum-
around
con-/col-/com-/co-/cor-
with, together, complete
contra-
against, opposite
de-
down from/not
demi-
half/part
dis-/dif-
apart form/separate
e-/ex-/ef-
out of, from, very
extra-/extro-
outside/beyond
in-/im-/il-/ir-
into, against, not (ex. induction)
infra-
below/lower (ex. infrared)
inter-
bewteen
intra-
within, during
intro-
within, inward (ex. introvert)
intus-
within
juxta-
between, near to
non-
not; without
ob-/oc-/op-
against, in the way
per-
throughout, completely (ex. persistence)
post-
after, behind
prae-/pre-/pro-
before, in front of
re-
again, returning
retro-
backwards, behind
se-
aside, apart from (ex. segregate)
semi-
half
sub-/suc-/suf-/sug-/sup-/sur-
under, below, less than normal
super-
over, above, excessive
supra-
above, beyond
trans-
across, through (ex. transition)
ultra-
beyond, excessive
(adj) -ac/-ic/-tic
pertaining to (ex. gastric)
(v) -ize
to become; to engage in (ex. euthanize)
(n) -a/-esis/-ia/-iasis/-ism/-osis/-sia
state or condition of (ex. osteoporosis, mania)
(n) -iac
one who is afflicted with (ex. insomniac)
-id/-od/-ode
resembling, in the form of
-ides/-idae/-ida
descended from
-in/-ine
chemical substance, hormone (ex. chromatin, adrenaline)
(n) -ist
a person interested in/specializes in
-ite
belonging to, similar to
-itis
inflammation (ex. arthritis)
-ium
tissue/part of the body
-oma
tumor, mass, swelling
-y
state/condition of (ex. empathy)
-aceus/-aceous/-aneus/-aneous/-eus/-eous
having the quality of
-alis/-al/-aris/-ar/-eal/-ilis/-ile
pertaining to
(can be verbalized) -ans/-ant/-ens/-ent/-iens/-ient
makes whatever word have an “-ing” at the end
-bilis/-ble/-ilis/-ile
ability to (ex. audible)
-idus/-id
in the state or condition of (ex. frigid)
-lentus/-lent/-osus/-ose
full of
-arium/-ary/-orium/-ory
pertaining to, a place of
(adv) -ad
indicates a direction on the body
(v) -ate
to make, to cause, to act upon (ex. permeate)
(n) -tia/-ce/-itias/-ity/-tudo/-tude
state or condition of (ex. dementia)
(n) -lus/-il/-cle/-ole
little (ex. icicle)
(n) -ianus/-ian
practitioner of
(n) -io/-ion/-mentum/-ment/-ura/-ure
condition resulting because of an action
(n) -or
quality of condition/something (usually a muscle) that performs an action
What is the Hippocratic Aphorism 1.1?
The physician must not only be prepared to do what is right himself, but also to make the patient, the attendants, and externals cooperate.
