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Political Science 101 > Ch. 1-2 > Flashcards

Ch. 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

A term, idea, or category

A

Concept

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2
Q

The manner in which something is understood or interpreted

A

Conception

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3
Q

The study of human society and of the structured interactions among people within society. Distinct from the natural sciences such as physics and biology

A

Social Science

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4
Q

The institutions and offices through which societies are governed

A

Government

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5
Q

The institutions and organizations through which a society reaches and successfully enforced collective decisions

A

Political System

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6
Q

The process by which decisions, laws and policies are made, with or without the input of formal institutions

A

Governance

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7
Q

The process by which people negotiate and compete in the process of making and executing shared or collective decisions

A

Politics

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8
Q

The capacity to bring about intended effects.

  • The term is often used as a synonym for influence, but is also used more narrowly to refer to more forceful modes of influence
  • Example: getting one’s way by threats
A

Power

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9
Q

The right to rule

  • _______ creates its own power, so long as people accept that the person in __________ has the right to make decisions
A

Authority

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10
Q

A _________ system of government is one based on authority, and those subject to its rule recognize it’s right to make decisions

A

Legitimate

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11
Q

A system of connected beliefs, a shared view of the world, or a blueprint for how politics, economics and society should be structured

A

Ideology

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12
Q

The systematic study of government and politics in different countries, designed to better understand them by drawing out their contrasts and similarities

A

Comparative Politics

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13
Q

A system of classification by which states, institutions, processes, political cultures, and so on are divided into groups or types with common sets of attributes

A

Typology

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14
Q

A political typology that divided the world along ideological lines, with states labeled according to the side they took in the Cold War

A

Three Worlds System

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15
Q

The relationship between political activity and economic performance

A

Political Economy

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16
Q

The total domestic and foreign output by residents of a country in a given year

A

Gross National Income

17
Q

The legal and political authority of a territory containing a population and marked by borders.

  • The _______ defines the political authority of which government is the managing authority; that authority is regarded as both sovereign and legitimate by the citizens of the state and the governments of other states
A

State

18
Q

The ultimate source of authority in a society.

  • _________ is the highest and final decision-maker within a community
A

Sovereignty

19
Q

A full member of a state, entitled to the rights and subject to the duties associated with that status.

  • usually confined in a document such as a passport or identity card
A

Citizen

20
Q

The modern state system that is based on the sovereignty of states and political self-determination

A

Westphalian System

21
Q

Rights such as life, liberty, and property that were supposedly given to humans by God or by nature, their existence taken to be independent of government

A

Natural Rights

22
Q

War requiring the mobilization of the population to support a conflict fought with advanced weaponry on a large geographical scale, requiring state leadership, intervention and funding

A

Total War

23
Q

An arrangement which the government is primarily responsible for the social and economic security of its citizens through public programs

  • Example: incomes for the unemployed, pensions for the elderly, and medical care for the sick
A

Welfare State

24
Q

States that are small in both population and territory

  • Example: Andorra, Barbados, Palau, and the Maldives
A

Microstate

25
Q

States that exist and are recognized under international law but whose governments control little of the territory under their jurisdiction

A

Quasi-states

26
Q

States that are NOT recognized under international law even though they control territory and provide governance

  • They exist in fact rather than under law (de jure)
A

De Facto States

27
Q

A cultural and historical concept describing a group of people who identify with one another on the basis of a shared history, culture, language, and myths

A

Nation

28
Q

The ability to act without external compulsion

  • The right of national ___________ is the right of a people to process its own government, democratic or otherwise
A

Self-determination

29
Q

The belief that a group of people with a common national identity (usually a shared culture or history) has the right to form an independent state and to govern itself free of external intervention

A

Nationalism

30
Q

A population that lives over an extended area outside its geographical or ethnic homeland

A

Diaspora

31
Q

A sovereign political association whose citizens share a common national identity

A

Nation-state

32
Q

A state consisting of multiple national groups under a single government

A

Multinational state

33
Q

The process by which the links between people, corporations, and governments in different states become integrated through such factors as trade, investment, communication and technology

A

Globalization

34
Q

Cooperative bodies whose members are states that are established by treaty, possess a permanent secretariat and legal identity, and operate according to stated rules and with some autonomy

A

Intergovernmental organizations

35
Q

The process by which states build economic and political ties that result in some pooling of authority over areas of policy where they believe that cooperation is better than competition

A

Regional integration

36
Q

A state that makes efforts to follow the activities of its citizens through such means as closed-circuit television and the monitoring of phone calls and internet use

A

Security state

37
Q

A state with weak governing institutions, often deep internal divisions, and where the basic needs of people are no longer met

  • Example: Eritrea, Haiti, Somalia, Syria and Yemen
A

Failing state

Political Science 101 (1 decks)

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