CH 1-1C Flashcards
science, which deals with the occurrence, distribution and disposal of water on the planet earth; it is the science which deals with the various phases of the hydrologic cycle
HYDROLOGY
what are the 10 hydrologic data?
- Climatological data
- Hydrometeorological data
- Precipitation records
- Stream-flow records
- Seasonal fluctuation
- Evaporation data
- Cropping pattern
- Water Quality
- Geomorphologic Studies
- Hydrometeorological characteristics of basin
is the water transfer cycle, which occurs continuously in nature.
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
branch of engineering that applies fluid mechanics principles to problems dealing with the collection, storage, control, transport, regulation, measurement, and use of water.
HYDRAULICS
important phases of hydrological cycle
- Evaporation
- Evapo-transpiration or Transpiration
- Condensation
- Precipitation
- Runoff
- Infiltration
- Groundwater Flow
bent contour lines that point uphill
SWALE
bent contour lines that point downhill
RIDGE
For every stream, a well-defined area of land intercepts the
rainfall and transports it to the stream. The area of land is called the
WATERSHED OR DRAINAGE BASIN
transition between two ridges and two swales.
SADDLE
is the only stream
through which Laguna de Bay
drains to Manila Bay.
PASIG RIVER
refers to atmospheric conditions that occur locally over short
periods of time—from minutes to hours or days.
WEATHER
refers to the long-term regional or even global average of temperature, humidity and rainfall patterns over seasons, years or decades.
CLIMATE
- From burning fossil fuels (coal,
natural gas, and oil), solid waste,
trees and other biological materials,
and also as a result of certain
chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture
of cement). - removed from the atmosphere (or
“sequestered”) when it is absorbed
by plants as part of the biological
carbon cycle.
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
thin part of the Earth’s atmosphere that absorbs almost all of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet light.
OZONE LAYER
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere
GREENHOUSE GASES
Thinning of ozone layer due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are everywhere, mostly in refrigerants and plastic products since they are inexpensive, they don’t catch fire easily, and they don’t usually poison living things.
OZONE DEPLETION
- From the production and transport
of coal, natural gas, and oil. - from livestock and other
agricultural practices and by the
decay of organic waste in
municipal solid waste landfills.
METHANE (CH4)
From agricultural and industrial
activities, combustion of fossil
fuels and solid waste, as well as
during treatment of wastewater.
NITROUS OXIDE (N2O)
- Hydrofluorocarbons,
perfluorocarbons, sulfur
hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride - because they are potent greenhouse
gases, they are sometimes referred
to as High Global Warming Potential
gases (“High GWP gases”).
FLOURINATED GASES
- Caused by the warming of sea surface temperature in the Pacific and can affect air and sea currents.
- Results in reduced rainfall that led to dry spells, droughts and stronger typhoons.
- Term means “Little Boy,” or “Christ Child” in Spanish
EL NINO PHENOMENON
- characterized by unusually cold ocean temperature in the Equatorial Pacific which causes increased numbers of tropical storms in the Pacific Ocean.
- brings plenty of rain, with accompanying hazards
- Term means “Little Girl”
LA NINA PHENOMENON
long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed since the preindustrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere
GLOBAL WARMING
refers to both human- and naturally produced
warming and the effects it has on our planet. It is the long-term
change in the average weather patterns that have come to define
Earth’s local, regional and global climates.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Effects of Climate Change
- Global Warming
- Changes in precipitation patterns
- Extreme cyclone events
- Extreme drought and heat waves
- Iceberg melting
- Rise in sea level