ch 1: Flashcards
1
Q
Leads to improvement in wellbeing, more broadly understood
A
The New Economic View of Development
2
Q
SDG Goal 15
A
Life on Land
3
Q
SDG Goal 12
A
Responsible Consumption and Production
4
Q
MDG Goal 4
A
- Reduce child mortality
5
Q
SDG Goal 3
A
Good Health and Well-being
6
Q
deals w/ highly variable & imperfect economies. includes much social context. emphasis on improving material standards of living
A
development economics
7
Q
efficient allocation of resources in perfectly free markets
A
traditional economics
8
Q
Income and Happiness: Comparing Countries (give the top 5 most happy countries?)
A
— USA
— Switzerland
— Norway
— Canada
— Belgium
9
Q
Development has three (3) core values
A
- Ability to Meet Basic Materials.
- Pride.
- Freedom from Slavery.
10
Q
nature of the economics of development (enumerate)
A
Traditional Economics & Economics Politics
11
Q
- Three Core Values of Development (enumerate)
A
– Sustenance: The Ability to Meet Basic Needs
– Self-Esteem: To Be a Person
– Freedom from Servitude: To Be Able to Choose
– Correlation of the Above with levels of Income
– Growth and Distribution
12
Q
includes the political context influence of power
A
political economy
13
Q
A utility approach (determining the characteristics of consumed commodities) has often been
used to quantify well-being.
A
The Capability Approach (Amartya Sen)
14
Q
The development should have
three objectives
A
- Increasing the availability and memperuas distribution of staple goods, such as food, health, and protection.
- Increasing the degree of life, including increased income, better education, and employment.
- Extending the range of economic and social choices.
15
Q
SDG Goal 4
A
Quality Education
16
Q
Holistic Measures of Living Levels and Capabilities
A
- Health
- Life Expectancy
- Education
- Human Development Index
HDI = 1/3 (income index) + 1/3 (life expectancy index) + 1/3 (educational index) - Basic Index= (Actual – Min)/(Max- Min)
- Must lie between 0 and 1
- HDI as a holistic measure of Quality of Life
17
Q
The Three Objectives of Development (enumerate)
A
– Increase availability of life-sustaining goods
– Raise levels of living
– Expand range of economic and social choices
18
Q
MDG Goal 5
A
- Improve maternal health
19
Q
Millennium Development goals (MDGs) (enumerate)
A
(EAPRICED)
- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
- Achieve universal primary education
- Promote gender equality and empower women
- Reduce child mortality
- Improve maternal health
- Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
- Ensure environmental sustainability
- Develop a global partnership for development
20
Q
SDG Goal 16
A
Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
21
Q
SDG Goal 14
A
Life Below Water
22
Q
author of ecodev book?
A
MICHAEL P. TODARO
STEPHEN C. SMITH
(13th edition, ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT)
23
Q
SDG Goal 5
A
Gender Equality
24
Q
SDG Goal 8
A
Decent Work and Economic Growth
25
SDG Goal 7
Affordable and Clean Energy
26
SDG Goal 1
No Poverty
27
MDG Goal 3
* Promote gender equality and empower women
28
SDG Goal 13
Climate Action
29
Common Characteristics of Developing Countries
These features in common are on average and with great
diversity, in comparison with developed countries:
– Lower levels of living and productivity
– Lower levels of human capital
– Higher levels of inequality and absolute poverty
– Higher population growth rates
– Greater social fractionalization
– Larger rural population - rapid migration to cities
– Lower levels of industrialization and manufactured exports
– Adverse geography
– Underdeveloped financial and other markets
> Imperfect markets
> Incomplete information
– Colonial Legacies - poor institutions etc.
> Institutions
> Private property
> Personal taxation
> Taxes in cash rather than in kind
30
functioning’s depend on 5 broad groups of factors:
a) Personal heterogeneity
b) Environmental differences
c) Social climate (crime and violence levels, social capital...)
d) Distribution within the family
e) Relational perspectives (commodity requirements of a given behavior pattern)
31
SDG Goal 9
Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
32
SDG Goal 10
Reduced Inequality
33
MDG Goal 6
* Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
34
How Low-Income Countries Today Differ from Developed Countries in Their Earlier Stages (enumerate)
* Eight differences
– Physical and human resource endowments
– Per capita incomes and levels of GDP in relation to the rest of the world
– Climate
– Population size, distribution, and growth
– Historic role of international migration
– International trade benefits
– Basic scientific/technological research and development capabilities
– Efficacy of domestic institutions
35
Shared characteristics in the developing world
· Lower levels of living and productivity
· Lower levels of human capital investment
· Higher levels of inequality and absolute poverty
· Higher rates of population growth
· Greater social fractionalization
· Larger rural population and rapid rural-urban migration
· Lower levels of industrialization and manufactured exports
· Adverse geography
· Underdeveloped markets
· Lingering colonial heritage, external dependence, and governance challenges
36
the __________ countries that make up the United
Nations (UN)
193
37
SGD Goal 2
Zero Hunger
38
Basic Indicators of Development: Real Income, Health, and Education
* Gross National Income (GNI)
* Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
* PPP method instead of exchange rates as conversion factors
* Other possible Innovative Measure
* Degree of Income/Social Mobility
39
SDG Goal 17
Partnerships to Achieve the Goal
40
SDG Goal 6
Clean Water and Sanitation
41
MDG Goal 7
* Ensure environmental sustainability
42
Developing nations: now & then
1. Knowledge and resource gaps
2. Income and GDP gaps
3. Climate
4. Population growth rates
5. International migration
6. International trade
7. Research and development
8. Institutions
43
what is the new approach called?
* Amartya Sen’s “Capability” Approach
44
Interdependent relationships between economic and
non-economic factors
* Social Systems
45
sdg vs mdg
- countries involved
- focus (targets and indicators)
- nations development status
- decision-making
mdg
- countries involved: 189
- focus (targets and indicators): 21 targets, 48 indicators
- nations development status: developing nations
- decision-making: top-bottom (centralized)
sdg
- countries involved: 193
- focus (targets and indicators): 169 targets, 231 indicators
- nations development status: all nations regarless of development status
- decision-making: large range of stakeholders involved
46
Basic Indicators of Development
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Indicators of Health and Education
47
MDG Goal 1
* Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
48
MDG Goal 8
* Develop a global partnership for development
49
Defining the Developing World (2)
Income-only measures: The World Bank (Intl Bank for Reconstruction and Development)
Multidimensional measures: The UNDP HDI index
50
SDG Goal 11
Sustainable Cities and Communities
51
17 SDGs enumerate
(NZGQGCADIRSRCLLPP)
**Goal 1: No Poverty:** End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
**Goal 2: Zero Hunger:** End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
**Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being:** Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
**Goal 4: Quality Education:** Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.
**Goal 5: Gender Equality:**Achieve gender equality and
empower all women and girls.
**Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation:** Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
**Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy:** Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
**Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth:** Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.
**Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure:** Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.
**Goal 10: Reduced Inequality:** Reduce inequality within and among countries.
**Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities:** Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
**Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production:** Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
**Goal 13: Climate Action:** Take urgent action to
combat climate change and its impacts.
**Goal 14: Life Below Water:** Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development.
**Goal 15: Life on Land:** Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
**Goal 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions:**
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access to justice for
all and build effective, accountable, and inclusive
institutions at all levels.
**Goal 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goal:** Strengthen
the means of implementation and revitalize the global
partnership for sustainable development.
52
Three Generally Accepted Goals
a. Increasing access to the minimum requirements for sustaining life.
b. Augmenting the standard of living, not only through rising income, but also through access
to education etc and by favoring the respect of socially accepted values.
c. Releasing individuals and nations from the constraints which hinder their success.
53
* Amartya Sen’s “Capability” Approach (enumerate)
(FCDWB)
– Functionings as an achievement
– Capabilities as freedoms enjoyed in terms of functionings
– Development and happiness
– Well being in terms of being well and having freedoms of choice
– “Beings and Doings”:
54
MDG Goal 2
* Achieve universal primary education
55
Traditional Economic Measures
— Gross National Income (GNI)
— Income per capita
— Utilization of that income
