Ch 1

Question 1

What is the scientific method?

Answer 1

A systematic process for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.

Question 2

True or False: Science is solely based on opinions.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of life is the ______.

Answer 3

cell

Question 4

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 4

To store and transmit genetic information.

Question 5

Which branch of science studies matter and its interactions?

Answer 5

Chemistry

Question 6

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method? A) Observation B) Hypothesis C) Conclusion D) Guessing

Answer 6

D) Guessing

Question 7

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 7

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which can be tested.

Question 8

True or False: All scientific theories are proven facts.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 9

Matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The speed of light is approximately ______ meters per second.

Answer 10

300,000,000

Question 11

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 11

A community of living organisms interacting with their environment.

Question 12

Which scientist is known for the theory of evolution?

Answer 12

Charles Darwin

Question 13

Multiple choice: What is the smallest unit of an element? A) Molecule B) Atom C) Compound D) Ion

Answer 13

B) Atom

Question 14

What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?

Answer 14

To serve as a standard for comparison.

Question 15

True or False: Theories can be modified or rejected based on new evidence.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy is called ______.

Answer 16

photosynthesis

Question 17

What is the main component of the cell membrane?

Answer 17

Phospholipids

Question 18

Which gas is most abundant in Earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 18

Nitrogen

Question 19

Multiple choice: What is the pH level of pure water? A) 7 B) 5 C) 10 D) 0

Answer 19

A) 7

Question 20

What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?

Answer 20

To catalyze biochemical reactions.

Question 21

True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and ______.

Answer 22

gas

Question 23

What is the primary source of energy for Earth?

Answer 23

The Sun

Question 24

Which scientific discipline focuses on the study of the universe beyond Earth?

Answer 24

Astronomy

Question 25

Multiple choice: What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs? A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Metallic D) Hydrogen

Answer 25

B) Covalent

Question 26

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Answer 26

To synthesize proteins.

Question 27

True or False: Gravity is a force that only affects objects with mass.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol for gold is ______.

Answer 28

Au

Question 29

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

Answer 29

To produce energy in the form of ATP.

Question 30

Which theory explains the origin of the universe?

Answer 30

The Big Bang Theory

Question 31

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a renewable resource? A) Coal B) Oil C) Solar energy D) Natural gas

Answer 31

C) Solar energy

Question 32

What is the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?

Answer 32

A law describes what happens, whereas a theory explains why it happens.

Question 33

True or False: The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The force that pulls objects toward each other is called ______.

Answer 34

gravity

Question 35

What is biodiversity?

Answer 35

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat.

Question 36

Which process describes the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane?

Answer 36

Osmosis

Question 37

Multiple choice: What is the main gas produced by photosynthesis? A) Oxygen B) Carbon dioxide C) Nitrogen D) Hydrogen

Answer 37

A) Oxygen

Question 38

What is a scientific theory?

Answer 38

A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world.

Question 39

True or False: Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The process by which a liquid turns into a gas is called ______.

Answer 40

evaporation

Question 41

What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells?

Answer 41

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

Question 42

Which scientist is known for formulating the laws of motion?

Answer 42

Isaac Newton

Question 43

Multiple choice: What type of energy is stored in food? A) Kinetic B) Potential C) Thermal D) Chemical

Answer 43

D) Chemical

Question 44

What is the function of chlorophyll in plants?

Answer 44

To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 45

True or False: All chemical reactions require energy.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The main component of Earth's atmosphere is ______.

Answer 46

nitrogen

Question 47

What is the primary role of the cell nucleus?

Answer 47

To store genetic material.

Question 48

Which branch of science studies the behavior of matter and energy?

Answer 48

Physics

Question 49

Multiple choice: What is the term for a change in an organism's DNA? A) Mutation B) Variation C) Adaptation D) Evolution

Answer 49

A) Mutation

Question 50

What does the term 'homeostasis' refer to?

Answer 50

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 51

True or False: All stars are the same size.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

Fill in the blank: The study of heredity is called ______.

Answer 52

genetics

Question 53

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Answer 53

To break down food and absorb nutrients.

Question 54

Which gas is a byproduct of cellular respiration?

Answer 54

Carbon dioxide

Question 55

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a planet in our solar system? A) Earth B) Sun C) Mars D) Jupiter

Answer 55

B) Sun

Question 56

What is the primary focus of ecology?

Answer 56

The relationships between organisms and their environment.

Question 57

True or False: Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

Fill in the blank: The basic building blocks of proteins are ______.

Answer 58

amino acids