Ch 1 Flashcards
clean
-a state of minimized infectious organisms
soiled or dirty
-indicates possible exposure to pathogens
HAI’s
-health acquired infection in any health care setting
nosocomial
-infections are acquired in the hospital
standard precautions
-standardized infection prevention practices used with all clients/patients in all settings, including patients’ home
transmission precaution
-used with clients/patients known to be at risk for the presence of pathogens; vary based on the way the pathogen is transmitted
infectious agents
-bacteria and viruses are the most frequently encountered by US healthcare workers
multidrug-resistant organsims
-MDROs
-organisms that have developed resistance to one or more antibiotics
pathogen reservoirs
-place in which infectious agents live, grow, and reproduce
portals of exit
-ways in which infectious agents leave the reservoir
modes of transmission
-ways in which the infectious agent is spread from the reservoir to the susceptible host
portals of entry
-ways in which the infectious agent enters the susceptible host
susceptible host
-indiv may have traits that affect their susceptibility and severity of disease
pathogen modes of transmission
-direct & indirect contact
direct contact
-person to person
indirect contact
-person to object to person
droplet transmission
-large pathogenic particles in the air contact with the hosts’s mucous membranes or conjunctivae
-often gen by coughing, talking or sneezing or by suctioning
airborne transmission
-small pathogenic particles
-stay suspended in the air for longer periods of time
mucous membrane
-mouth
-nose
-eyes
-vaginal area
-openings in the skin
compromised integumentary sys
-open wound
-surgical incision site
-cuts, scrapes, torn cuticles
standard precautions
-hand hygiene
-respiratory hygiene
-sharps disposal
-barriers: PPE as needed
hand hygiene
-sanitizer or hand rub
-when washing hands use soap and water
hand washing
-wash hands when is it visibly dirty
-after sanitizing too many times
-use warm water and soap for 15-60 seconds
respiratory hygiene
-sep yourself (at least 6 ft) from ppl with possible respiratory infections
transmission precautions and PPE
-the type of disease determines the choice of PPE and donning/doffing location
contact precautions
-gloves
-gown
enteric precautions
-must wash hands instead of using sanitizer
-use gloves & gown
droplet precautions and PPE
-gloves
-gown
-face mask
-eye protection
airborne precautions and PPE
-gloves
-gowns
-respirator
-eye protection
symp
-subjective
-how a person experiences a condition
-often difficult to measure accurately
sign
-observable & objective
-often quantifies using valid and relible instruments
pulse
-rhythmic expansion of artery wall as left ventricle of heart contracts, pushing blood through aorta and artery
heart rate
-number of times heart contracts in a given time period, usu a min
-30 secs times 2
respiration
-measured in breaths per min
-inhaling and exhaling
-30 secs times 2
systolic
-pressure at ventricular contraction, psuhing blood into aorta
diastolic
-pressure at ventricular relaxation and refilling
taking blood pressure
-first and last sound
-inflate to 180
