Ch 1

Question 1

clean

Answer 1

-a state of minimized infectious organisms

Question 2

soiled or dirty

Answer 2

-indicates possible exposure to pathogens

Question 3

HAI’s

Answer 3

-health acquired infection in any health care setting

Question 4

nosocomial

Answer 4

-infections are acquired in the hospital

Question 5

standard precautions

Answer 5

-standardized infection prevention practices used with all clients/patients in all settings, including patients’ home

Question 6

transmission precaution

Answer 6

-used with clients/patients known to be at risk for the presence of pathogens; vary based on the way the pathogen is transmitted

Question 7

infectious agents

Answer 7

-bacteria and viruses are the most frequently encountered by US healthcare workers

Question 8

multidrug-resistant organsims

Answer 8

-MDROs
-organisms that have developed resistance to one or more antibiotics

Question 9

pathogen reservoirs

Answer 9

-place in which infectious agents live, grow, and reproduce

Question 10

portals of exit

Answer 10

-ways in which infectious agents leave the reservoir

Question 11

modes of transmission

Answer 11

-ways in which the infectious agent is spread from the reservoir to the susceptible host

Question 12

portals of entry

Answer 12

-ways in which the infectious agent enters the susceptible host

Question 13

susceptible host

Answer 13

-indiv may have traits that affect their susceptibility and severity of disease

Question 14

pathogen modes of transmission

Answer 14

-direct & indirect contact

Question 15

direct contact

Answer 15

-person to person

Question 16

indirect contact

Answer 16

-person to object to person

Question 17

droplet transmission

Answer 17

-large pathogenic particles in the air contact with the hosts’s mucous membranes or conjunctivae

-often gen by coughing, talking or sneezing or by suctioning

Question 18

airborne transmission

Answer 18

-small pathogenic particles
-stay suspended in the air for longer periods of time

Question 19

mucous membrane

Answer 19

-mouth
-nose
-eyes
-vaginal area
-openings in the skin

Question 20

compromised integumentary sys

Answer 20

-open wound
-surgical incision site
-cuts, scrapes, torn cuticles

Question 21

standard precautions

Answer 21

-hand hygiene
-respiratory hygiene
-sharps disposal
-barriers: PPE as needed

Question 22

hand hygiene

Answer 22

-sanitizer or hand rub
-when washing hands use soap and water

Question 23

hand washing

Answer 23

-wash hands when is it visibly dirty
-after sanitizing too many times
-use warm water and soap for 15-60 seconds

Question 24

respiratory hygiene

Answer 24

-sep yourself (at least 6 ft) from ppl with possible respiratory infections

Question 25

transmission precautions and PPE

Answer 25

-the type of disease determines the choice of PPE and donning/doffing location

Question 26

contact precautions

Answer 26

-gloves
-gown

Question 27

enteric precautions

Answer 27

-must wash hands instead of using sanitizer
-use gloves & gown

Question 28

droplet precautions and PPE

Answer 28

-gloves
-gown
-face mask
-eye protection

Question 29

airborne precautions and PPE

Answer 29

-gloves
-gowns
-respirator
-eye protection

Question 30

symp

Answer 30

-subjective
-how a person experiences a condition
-often difficult to measure accurately

Question 31

sign

Answer 31

-observable & objective
-often quantifies using valid and relible instruments

Question 32

pulse

Answer 32

-rhythmic expansion of artery wall as left ventricle of heart contracts, pushing blood through aorta and artery

Question 33

heart rate

Answer 33

-number of times heart contracts in a given time period, usu a min

-30 secs times 2

Question 34

respiration

Answer 34

-measured in breaths per min
-inhaling and exhaling
-30 secs times 2

Question 35

systolic

Answer 35

-pressure at ventricular contraction, psuhing blood into aorta

Question 36

diastolic

Answer 36

-pressure at ventricular relaxation and refilling

Question 37

taking blood pressure

Answer 37

-first and last sound
-inflate to 180