ch 1

Question 1

Social Exchange theory

Answer 1

Emerged out of social learning theory and uses the concept of reinforcement to explain satisfaction,stability, and change in relationships among people

Assumes that we have freedom of choice and often face choices among alternative actions
We choose actions that produce favorable balance of rewards to costs or profits
Views social relationships primarily as exchanges of rewards (positive) and costs (negatives)
Level of expected outcome is called comparison level
Level of outcomes in the best alternative relationship is called the comparison level for alternatives

Question 2

Equity or equality
(social exchange theory)

Answer 2

Equity exists when participants in a relationships believe that the rewards they receive from it are proportional to the costs they bear

Equality exists when both partners experience the same balance of rewards to costs

Question 3

Self efficacy(social learning theory)

Answer 3

successful experience with an activity over time create a sense of competence at performing the activity

Question 4

Stages of psychosexual development

Answer 4

1st stage:oral stage
2nd stage:anal stage
3rd stage:phallic stage
Oedipus complex
Castration anxiety (fear of losing penis)
Female oedipus complex (electra complex)
Penis envy
4th stage:latency
Seal impulses are repressed
5th stage:genital stage
Sexual urges reawaken

Question 5

why the family structure of man, women, and offspring is found in every society:

Answer 5

When man and women mate, there are several obstacles to reproductive success:
1)infant vulnerability
2)maternal death
Greatly reduced if mother provides continuing physical care and father provides resources and security
Two mechanisms that facilitate these conditions are pair- bond between mother and father and attachment between infant and parent