Ch 1

Question 1

What do studies between infants and caregivers demonstrate?

Answer 1

Human interaction, specifically touch is crucial for development and survival in infants.

Question 2

What is a stigma? What is a social stigma? What are examples of it?

Answer 2

• A stigma is a characteristic that discredits a person, and labels them as abnormal or undesirable. it isn’t the characteristic itself that discredit’s the person, but society’s reaction to it
• having HIV, being gay, etc. are all stigmatized

Question 3

what are predictors of happieness?

Answer 3

a rich social life is one of the largest predictor’s of one’s happiness; specifically a social life in which one has meaningful conversations.

Question 4

How can communication help us grow?

Answer 4

communication helps people gain certain qualities. EX: if people treat you as intelligent, you will grow to think you are intelligent

Question 5

What are the three models of human communication?

Answer 5

action, interaction, and transaction

Question 6

Action model of communication

Answer 6

thinks of communication as a one way process

Question 7

encode

Answer 7

put idea into language

Question 8

message

Answer 8

verbal/nonverbal elements of communication that people give meaning

Question 9

channel

Answer 9

a message is sent through a channel, aka. a pathway of information (face to face, text, call, etc)

Question 10

receiver

Answer 10

the person who accepts a message

Question 11

decode

Answer 11

to interpret a message

Question 12

noise

Answer 12

anything that interferes with the decoder’s ability to understand/encoders ability to communicate

Question 13

interaction model of communication

Answer 13

a model of communication that recognizes that communication is a two way street, and acknowledges feedback and context. It doesn’t represent some complexity of interaction like context

Question 14

transaction model of communication. What does it not do?

Answer 14

a model of communication that does not distinguish between sources and receiver or represent communication as a series of messages going back and fourth.

Argues that conversation flows in both directions at the same time, and both people are simultaneously sources and receivers

Question 15

channel-rich contexts

Answer 15

multiple different aspects of communication (face to face)

Question 16

perpetual filters

Answer 16

anything that effects how we make sense of communication (ethnic background, communicator’s reputation, socioeconomic status, biases)

Question 17

symbol

Answer 17

something that represents an idea ( words are symbols)

its important to note that symbols, and by extension words are social constructs, and thus can change

Question 18

content dimention

Answer 18

information communicated by a message

Question 19

relational dimention

Answer 19

information about one’s relationship communicated by a message

ex: if you tell someone you’re feeling bad, you’re not only telling a fact about your emotional state, but communicating that you are close enough with them to communicate your emotions and seek comfort

Question 20

metacommunication

Answer 20

communication about communication

“its not what you said but how you said it”

Question 21

rich channel

Answer 21

a channel with multiple different factors at play (body language, tone, facial expression)

Question 22

lean channel

Answer 22

a channel with minimal factors at play

ex: texting

Question 23

how is intentionality a part of communication

Answer 23

regardless whether you are intentional about your communication or not, all communication sends a message

ex: if you are bobbing your head up and down in class, you will communicate that you are sleepy, regardless if you intentionally mean to

Question 24

implicit vs explicit rules of communication

Answer 24

explicit rules are rules you’ve been told directly
ex: when a parent tells you not not speak with food in your mouth

implicit rules are rules you assume/learn through exposure
ex: people automatically face forward in an elevator

Question 25

communication myths

Answer 25

• not everyone is an expert at communication
• communication cannot solve every problem, not every problem is due to a lack of communication
• because communication is a process, it cannot “break down”; it can be ineffective
• communication isn’t inherently good/meaningful; small talk and verbal abuse are both forms of communication