Ch 1 Flashcards
What do studies between infants and caregivers demonstrate?
Human interaction, specifically touch is crucial for development and survival in infants.
What is a stigma? What is a social stigma? What are examples of it?
- A stigma is a characteristic that discredits a person, and labels them as abnormal or undesirable. it isn’t the characteristic itself that discredit’s the person, but society’s reaction to it
- having HIV, being gay, etc. are all stigmatized
what are predictors of happieness?
a rich social life is one of the largest predictor’s of one’s happiness; specifically a social life in which one has meaningful conversations.
How can communication help us grow?
communication helps people gain certain qualities. EX: if people treat you as intelligent, you will grow to think you are intelligent
What are the three models of human communication?
action, interaction, and transaction
Action model of communication
thinks of communication as a one way process
encode
put idea into language
message
verbal/nonverbal elements of communication that people give meaning
channel
a message is sent through a channel, aka. a pathway of information (face to face, text, call, etc)
receiver
the person who accepts a message
decode
to interpret a message
noise
anything that interferes with the decoder’s ability to understand/encoders ability to communicate
interaction model of communication
a model of communication that recognizes that communication is a two way street, and acknowledges feedback and context. It doesn’t represent some complexity of interaction like context
transaction model of communication. What does it not do?
a model of communication that does not distinguish between sources and receiver or represent communication as a series of messages going back and fourth.
Argues that conversation flows in both directions at the same time, and both people are simultaneously sources and receivers
channel-rich contexts
multiple different aspects of communication (face to face)
perpetual filters
anything that effects how we make sense of communication (ethnic background, communicator’s reputation, socioeconomic status, biases)
symbol
something that represents an idea ( words are symbols)
its important to note that symbols, and by extension words are social constructs, and thus can change
content dimention
information communicated by a message
relational dimention
information about one’s relationship communicated by a message
ex: if you tell someone you’re feeling bad, you’re not only telling a fact about your emotional state, but communicating that you are close enough with them to communicate your emotions and seek comfort
metacommunication
communication about communication
“its not what you said but how you said it”
rich channel
a channel with multiple different factors at play (body language, tone, facial expression)
lean channel
a channel with minimal factors at play
ex: texting
how is intentionality a part of communication
regardless whether you are intentional about your communication or not, all communication sends a message
ex: if you are bobbing your head up and down in class, you will communicate that you are sleepy, regardless if you intentionally mean to
implicit vs explicit rules of communication
explicit rules are rules you’ve been told directly
ex: when a parent tells you not not speak with food in your mouth
implicit rules are rules you assume/learn through exposure
ex: people automatically face forward in an elevator
communication myths
- not everyone is an expert at communication
- communication cannot solve every problem, not every problem is due to a lack of communication
- because communication is a process, it cannot “break down”; it can be ineffective
- communication isn’t inherently good/meaningful; small talk and verbal abuse are both forms of communication
