ch 1

Question 1

a sigma bond is

Answer 1

the overlap of 2 sp2 hybrid orbitals

Question 2

A pie bond is

Answer 2

the overlap of 2 sp orbitals

Question 3

a resonance structure

Answer 3

a molecule with mutable structures caused by moving electrons (the placement of the atoms stays the same but the e- move)

Question 4

resonance structure rules

Answer 4

1. atoms and single bonds stay the same
2. Multiple bonds and lone pairs can change
3. no braking octet rule

Question 5

condensed notation rules:

Answer 5

1. All atoms are written in but the bond lines are omitted
2. Atoms are usually written next to the atoms they are bonded to
3. () are used around similar groups bonded to the same atom
4. Lone pairs are omitted

Question 6

condensed notation rule exceptions (CHO)

Answer 6

notates a C that is double bonded to an O and a H (the O and H are not bonded)

Question 7

skeletal structure rules

Answer 7

1. Assume a Carbon atom is at the junction or end of a line
2. each carbon must have enough Hydrogen atoms to give it 4 bonds
3. Draw in anything different

Question 8

neutral oxygen needs?

Answer 8

2 lone pairs and 2 bonds

Question 9

Neutral Nitrogen needs?

Answer 9

1 lone pair and 3 bonds

Question 10

Carbon is neutral with?

Answer 10

4 bonds

Question 11

electron ownership: C (# valence e-)

Answer 11

4

Question 12

electron ownership: C (+1 charge)

Answer 12

3 bonds around C

Question 13

electron ownership: C (no charge)

Answer 13

4 bonds around C

Question 14

electron ownership: C (-1 charge)

Answer 14

3 bonds and 2 lone e- around C

Question 15

electron ownership: N (# valence e-)

Answer 15

5

Question 16

electron ownership: N (+1 charge)

Answer 16

4 bonds around N

Question 17

electron ownership: N (no charge)

Answer 17

3 bonds and 2 lone e- around N

Question 18

electron ownership: N (-1 charge)

Answer 18

2 bonds and 4 lone e- around N

Question 19

electron ownership: O (# valence e-)

Answer 19

6

Question 20

electron ownership: O (+1 charge)

Answer 20

3 bonds 2 lone e-

Question 21

electron ownership: O (no charge)

Answer 21

2 bonds 4 lone e-

Question 22

electron ownership: O (-1 charge)

Answer 22

one bond 6 lone e-

Question 23

hybrid orbitals: 2 groups (how many orbitals)

Answer 23

2 orbitals

Question 24

hybrid orbitals: 2 groups (type of orbitals)

Answer 24

2 sp orbitals

Question 25

hybrid orbitals: 2 groups (bonding angle)

Answer 25

180 degrees

Question 26

hybrid orbitals: 3 groups (# or orbitals)

Answer 26

3

Question 27

hybrid orbitals: 3 groups (type)

Answer 27

3 sp2 orbitals

Question 28

hybrid orbitals: 3 groups (angle)

Answer 28

120 degrees

Question 29

hybrid orbitals: 4 groups (# of orbitals)

Answer 29

4

Question 30

hybrid orbitals: 4 groups (type of orbitals)

Answer 30

4 sp3 orbitals

Question 31

hybrid orbitals: 4 groups (angle)

Answer 31

109.5 degrees