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Gen. Biology I > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 major themes of Biology?

A
  1. Biological systems interact.
  2. Structure and function are inter-related.
  3. Information must be transferred.
  4. Life depends on a continuous input and transfer of energy.
  5. Populations change over time. (Evolution & Creation)
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2
Q

Explain: Biological systems interact

A

Every organism is a biological system that is interdependent with many other biological systems.

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3
Q

Explain: Structure and function are inter-related

A

Ex: Both horses and wolves have teeth, but the horse’s teeth are designed to grind vegetation, whereas, the wolf’s canine teeth are designed to tear meat.

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4
Q

Explain: Information must be transferred

A

Must be transmitted within cells, among cells, among organisms, and from one generation to the next.

(Ex: Talking, a cat peeing on a tree to leave its scent for a potential mate)

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5
Q

Explain: Life depends on a continuous input and transfer of energy

A

All living cells and organisms require energy from the sun to live.

(Ex: Humans need Vitamin D as plants need the sun to photosynthesize which helps them grow.)

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6
Q

Explain: Populations change over time

A

Evolution & Creation

  • Evolution: Organisms evolve from simpler versions of themselves.
  • Creation: A God ( popular in monotheistic religions like Christianity) that created the entire Earth and all the organisms that live on it in 7 days.
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7
Q

All organisms what?

A
  • Are composed of cells. (Eukaryotic=nucleus, Prokaryotic=no nucleus)
  • Grow and develop
  • Regulate their metabolic processes (maintain homeostasis via chemical reactions)
  • Respond to stimuli
  • Reproduce (Asexually & Sexually)
  • Adapt to the environment
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8
Q

What is reductionism?

A

Learning about a structure by breaking it down and studying all its parts.

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9
Q

What are the several levels of organization? (11)

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Cell
  4. Tissue
  5. Organ
  6. Body system
  7. Organism
  8. Population
  9. Community
  10. Ecosystem
  11. Biosphere
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10
Q

Define: Ecology

A

The study of how organisms relate to one another and their physical environment.

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11
Q

DNA stands for what?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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12
Q

Define: DNA

A

A molecule that makes up genes.

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13
Q

How many types of nucleotides are there?

A

Four. (Comes in sequences of three)

  • (A)denine
  • (T)hymine
  • (G)uanine
  • (C)ytosine
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14
Q

Proteins are important for…

A

Determining the STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of cells and tissues.

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15
Q

Examples of communication between cells are:

A
  • Hormones in the blood
  • Neurotransmitters
  • Release of chemical
  • Visual Displays
  • Sounds
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16
Q

All life processes require a continuous what…?

A

All life processes require a continuous INPUT OF ENERGY.

17
Q

Photosynthesis:

A

CO2 + H2O + Light Energy = Glucose + Oxygen*

*Oxygen is released as a by-product

18
Q

Cellular Respiration:

A

Glucose + Oxygen = CO2 + H2O + Energy

19
Q

Evolution & Creation are what?

A

Belief systems

20
Q

Define: Taxonomy

A

A subspecialty of systematics; the science of naming and classifying organisms.

21
Q

Define: The Linnaean system

A

Binomial system of nomenclature in which each species has two-part name.

22
Q

Define: Species

A

A group of organisms with similar STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, and BEHAVIOR.

23
Q

Name each taxon in the Taxonomic Classification Hierarchy from GREATEST TO LEAST SPECIFIC:

A

([D]ingus [k]issed [P]hoebe and was [c]aught [o]n the [f]uton by [G]ary and [S]pencer.)

  1. Domain
  2. Kingdom
  3. Phylum
  4. Class
  5. Order
  6. Family
  7. Genus
  8. Species
24
Q

Define: Cladogram

A

A branching diagram showing proposed evolutionary relationships among organisms and fossil record.

25
Q

Define: Clade

A

A group of organisms with a proposed “common ancestor”.

26
Q

What is the definition of science?

A

Science is a way of thinking and a method of investigating the natural world in a systematic manner.

27
Q

Define: Scientific Method

A

A series of steps in which scientists make observations, ask questions, develop hypotheses, test those ideas with experiments, gather and analyze data, and then draw a conclusion from that data.

Gen. Biology I (1 decks)

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