Ch. 1 Flashcards
What are the 5 major themes of Biology?
- Biological systems interact.
- Structure and function are inter-related.
- Information must be transferred.
- Life depends on a continuous input and transfer of energy.
- Populations change over time. (Evolution & Creation)
Explain: Biological systems interact
Every organism is a biological system that is interdependent with many other biological systems.
Explain: Structure and function are inter-related
Ex: Both horses and wolves have teeth, but the horse’s teeth are designed to grind vegetation, whereas, the wolf’s canine teeth are designed to tear meat.
Explain: Information must be transferred
Must be transmitted within cells, among cells, among organisms, and from one generation to the next.
(Ex: Talking, a cat peeing on a tree to leave its scent for a potential mate)
Explain: Life depends on a continuous input and transfer of energy
All living cells and organisms require energy from the sun to live.
(Ex: Humans need Vitamin D as plants need the sun to photosynthesize which helps them grow.)
Explain: Populations change over time
Evolution & Creation
- Evolution: Organisms evolve from simpler versions of themselves.
- Creation: A God ( popular in monotheistic religions like Christianity) that created the entire Earth and all the organisms that live on it in 7 days.
All organisms what?
- Are composed of cells. (Eukaryotic=nucleus, Prokaryotic=no nucleus)
- Grow and develop
- Regulate their metabolic processes (maintain homeostasis via chemical reactions)
- Respond to stimuli
- Reproduce (Asexually & Sexually)
- Adapt to the environment
What is reductionism?
Learning about a structure by breaking it down and studying all its parts.
What are the several levels of organization? (11)
- Atom
- Molecule
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Body system
- Organism
- Population
- Community
- Ecosystem
- Biosphere
Define: Ecology
The study of how organisms relate to one another and their physical environment.
DNA stands for what?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Define: DNA
A molecule that makes up genes.
How many types of nucleotides are there?
Four. (Comes in sequences of three)
- (A)denine
- (T)hymine
- (G)uanine
- (C)ytosine
Proteins are important for…
Determining the STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of cells and tissues.
Examples of communication between cells are:
- Hormones in the blood
- Neurotransmitters
- Release of chemical
- Visual Displays
- Sounds
All life processes require a continuous what…?
All life processes require a continuous INPUT OF ENERGY.
Photosynthesis:
CO2 + H2O + Light Energy = Glucose + Oxygen*
*Oxygen is released as a by-product
Cellular Respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen = CO2 + H2O + Energy
Evolution & Creation are what?
Belief systems
Define: Taxonomy
A subspecialty of systematics; the science of naming and classifying organisms.
Define: The Linnaean system
Binomial system of nomenclature in which each species has two-part name.
Define: Species
A group of organisms with similar STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, and BEHAVIOR.
Name each taxon in the Taxonomic Classification Hierarchy from GREATEST TO LEAST SPECIFIC:
([D]ingus [k]issed [P]hoebe and was [c]aught [o]n the [f]uton by [G]ary and [S]pencer.)
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Define: Cladogram
A branching diagram showing proposed evolutionary relationships among organisms and fossil record.
Define: Clade
A group of organisms with a proposed “common ancestor”.
What is the definition of science?
Science is a way of thinking and a method of investigating the natural world in a systematic manner.
Define: Scientific Method
A series of steps in which scientists make observations, ask questions, develop hypotheses, test those ideas with experiments, gather and analyze data, and then draw a conclusion from that data.
